Chapter 5

Question 1

Sampling

Answer 1

The process by which a reasearcher selects a sample of participants for a study

Question 2

Probability sample

Answer 2

A sample that is selected in such a way that the likelyhood that any individual int he population will be selected for the sample can be specified

Question 3

Simple random sample

Answer 3

Every possible sample of a desired size has the same chance of being selected from the population and, by extension, every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample

Question 4

Representative sample

Answer 4

One from which we can draw accurate, unbiased estimates of the characteristics of a larger population

Question 5

Sampling error

Answer 5

The characteristics of the individuals selected for the sample always differ somewhat format he characteristics of the general population

Question 6

Error of estimation/margin of error

Answer 6

The degree to which the data obtained for the sample are expected to deviate format he popualation as a whole

Question 7

Probability sample

Answer 7

A sample for which a researcher knows the mathematical probability that any individual in the population is included in the sample

Question 8

Sampling frame

Answer 8

A list of the population form which the sample will be drawn

Question 9

Table of random numbers

Answer 9

Contains long rows numbers that have been generated in a random order and is used for simple random sampling

Question 10

Systematic sampling

Answer 10

Taking every so many individuals for the sample

Question 11

Stratafied random sampling

Answer 11

A variation of simple random sampling in which the population is divided into two or more subgroups or strata and cases are randomly sampled form each of the strata

Question 12

Stratum

Answer 12

The subset of the population that shares are particulate characteristic

Question 13

Proportionate sampling method

Answer 13

Cases are sampled from each stratum in porportion to their prevelance in the population

Question 14

Cluster sampling

Answer 14

The researcher samples groupings or clusters of participants

Question 15

Multistage cluster sampling

Answer 15

A researcher begins by random sampling large clusters, then smaller clusters form within those large clusters, then sample even smaller clusters, and finally obtains his/her sample of participants

Question 16

4 Types of probability sampling

Answer 16

1. Simple random sampling
2. systematic sampling
3. statified random sampling
4. cluster sampling

Question 17

Nonresponse problem

Answer 17

The failure to obtain responses from individuals whom researchers select for a sample

Question 18

Misgeneralization

Answer 18

Results may be misleading if the researcher generalizes them to a population that differs from the one from which the sample was obtained

Question 19

Nonprobabilty samples

Answer 19

Researchers have no way fo knowing the probability that a particulate case will be chosen for a sample

Question 20

3 types of nonprobability samples

Answer 20

1. Convenience
2. quota
3. Purposive

Question 21

Convenience sample

Answer 21

Includes participants that are readily available

Question 22

Quota sample

Answer 22

Convenience sample in which the reasearcher takes steps to insure that certain kinds of participants are obtained in particular proportions

Question 23

Purposive sample

Answer 23

Researchers use past research findings or their judgment to decided which participants to include in the sample, trying to choose respondents that are typical in the population they want to study

Question 24

Power

Answer 24

The ability of a research design to detect any effects of the variables being studied that exist in the data