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KIN > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what is anxiety

A

a negative emotions that is elicited following appraisal of a situation or event
- it is not arousal

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2
Q

two components of anxiety

A
  1. cognitive anxiety: mental component of anxiety (worries an fears)
  2. somatic anxiety: physical component of anxiety (perceptions of body states)
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3
Q

arousal

A

physiological and psychological activation that varies on a continuum from deep sleep to peak activation or frenzy
-can be both good and bad situations

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4
Q

anxiety vs arousal

A

researchers used to equate anxiety and arousal; not the case

-anxiety involves an evaluative component where demands of situation exceed resources

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5
Q

social anxiety

A
  • when we are concerned about neg evaluations of others
  • subforms of social anxiety
    1. competitive anxiety: when we are worried about our performance being evaluated by others
    2. social physique anxiety: when we are worried about others evaluating our body (physique) in social settings
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6
Q

trait vs state anxiety

A

trait: a general propensity to perceive a variety of situations as threatening
state: anxiety that is experienced in a particular moment and can change from moment to moment

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7
Q

anxiety occurs when

A

demands of a situations are perceived to outweigh the resources that an individual feels they have

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8
Q

dimensions of anxiety

A
  1. intensity of symptoms
  2. frequency of cognitive intrusions (how often do anxious thoughts occupy your mind)
  3. directional interpretation of symptoms
    this is influenced by
    - personality
    -psychological skills
    -experience
    -sport type
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9
Q

personal sources of anxiety

A
  1. experience & skill level
  2. gender
  3. trait anxiety
  4. efficaciousness
  5. self-regulation strategies
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10
Q

experience and skill level

A
  • no difference in intensity of anxiety symptoms
  • differ in how they interpret anxiety
  • more skilled/experienced athletes see anxiety as more facilitative
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11
Q

gender

A
  • research is mixed re gender differences in state and trait anxiety
  • women athletes/exercisers report higher levels of social physique anxiety than men
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12
Q

trait anxiety

A

report more intense anxiety symptoms

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13
Q

efficaciousness

A 
-confidence 
less pre-competition anxiety 
view anxiety as facilitative
-concern what others think 
more state and trait anxiety in sport 
-concern about body weight and shape 
more social physique anxiety in pa settings 
-less social anxiety 
-less social physique anxiety
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14
Q

self-regulation strategies

A
  • those who use coping skills to deal with anxiety do have less pre-compeition cognitive and somatic anxiety
  • self handicapping
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15
Q

self-handicapping

A

behaviors that are used in performance settings to excuse any failure that may occur in advance

  • higher state and trait anxiety
  • in advance: before playing in the game: i slept bad, don’t feel good, injury
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16
Q

athletes/ exercisers show elevated intensity of anxiety when

A
  • they are novice
  • female
  • high trait anxiety
  • low self-confidence/self-efficacy
  • poor self presentational beliefs
  • poor self regulatory (coping skills)
  • use self handicapping strategies
17
Q

enviornmental sources of anxiety

A
  1. temporal patterning of anxiety in sport setting
    - cognitive and somatic anxiety
  2. the physical enviornement
  3. the social enviornment
18
Q

temporal patterning of anxiety in sport setting

A

cognitive anxiety: remains constant and elevated until onset of compeition when it steadily declines
somatic anxiety: remains low until just hours befoe comp when it rises, but falls upon onset of competition

19
Q

the physical environment (exercise)

A

mirrors lead to more anxiety, especially when:

one trait is anxious; inactive; simple tasks ( time to look in the mirror

20
Q

the social enviornement

A
  • presence of others leads to state anxiety when social ohysique anxiety is high
  • women (not men) experience more social physique with opposite gender
  • more attractive leader= greater social physique anxiety
  • enriched leadership style= less social anxiety
21
Q

does social physique anxiety make people exercise more or less

A

research for both answers
sometimes yes, sometimes no
social physique anxiety among older women is only related to low levels of exercise when self-presentational efficacy levels are low
-similar finds with adolescent girls
lead to lower enjoyment and effort among high school students only when coupled with higher external regulation

22
Q

moderator variable

A

does social physique anxiety make people exercise ore or less
-influence an otherwise simple relationship between two variables

23
Q

social physique anxiety has also been found to influence

A
  • excessive weightifting at the gym among men

- yet other studies have not supported a relationship between social physique anxiety and excessive exercise

24
Q

zones of optimal function

A
  • athletes demonstrate a lot of variability in terms of what level of state anxiety is the best for their performance
  • athletes have an optimal zone of competitive anxiety for performance
  • so optimal zone of functioning depends on the individual, not the sport or activity
25
Q

ZOF theory allows us to understand

A
  • that the realtionship between anxiety and performance differs between individuals
  • that anxiety is not always detrimental to performance
  • over 120 sport publications using ZOF
26
Q

limitations of ZOF

A

does not explain why people have different ZOF

identifying zones usually relies on retrospective recall

27
Q

cusp catathrophe theory

A 
three dimensional model 
-physiological arousal
-cognitive arousal 
-performance 
model outlines 5 conditions
28
Q

condition 1

A

when cognitive anxiety (worry concern) is low, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between arousal and performance

29
Q

condition 2

A

when physiological arousal is low, performance is enhanced when cognitive state anxiety (worry concern( high

30
Q

condition 3

A

when physiological anxiety is high, performance is worsened when: cognitive state anxiety is high
so, when you are experiencing physiological arousal, you want to keep your cognitive anxiety in check (low)

31
Q

condition 4

A

when cognitive anxiety is high, increases in physiological arousal can be positive for performance but only up to certain point
high levels of cognitive anxiety are not always detrimental to performance

32
Q

condition 5

A

performance dramatically drops (catastrophe) when physiological arousal is moderately high an cognitive state anxiety is high

33
Q

cusp catastrophe conclusion

A

cognitive anxiety determines the effect of physiological arousal on performance
criticisms: complex model
combo of high cognitive anxiety and physiological arousal doesnt always lead to a catastrophe
but human behavior is complex

34
Q

attentional mechanisms

A
  1. elevated competitive state anxiety reduces ability to attend to and process info
    - if the athlete misses unimportant task cues, performance is enhanced
    - if athlete misses important task cues, performance is reduced
  2. high competitive state anxiety leads athletes to attend to threatening, task irrelevant info
  3. paralysis by analysis: increased anxiety shifts athlete from engaging in automatic skill execution to conscious, controlled, execution
    - detimental to performance
35
Q

physiological mechanisms

A

high levels of physiological arousal can decrease performance on:

  • fine motor tasks that require dexterity and
  • tasks that require fluid movements
  • high levels of physiological arousal can enhance anaerobic power which may enhance perfomance on: -simple tasks ex) jumping

KIN (14 decks)

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