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KIN > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

mental health

A

a state of well-being in which the individual:

  • realize personal potential
  • can cope with normal life stress
  • can work productively
  • contributes to the community
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2
Q

mental illness

A

any health condition characterized by alteration in behavior
-alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior (or some combination) associated with distress and/or impaired functioning

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3
Q

mental health versus mental illness

A
  • mental health problems (ex) anxiety, depression) can occur at sub-clinical levels (they occur on a continuum
  • a person can have a mental illness (ex) depression, mood disorder) yet strive for mental health
  • suggests that when someone has mental illness we shouldn’t just suggest treatment options but also the promotion of their mental health
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4
Q

mental illness in canada

A
  • one in five canadians experience a mental illness annually; same rate internationally
  • annual costs to canadians: $50 billion dollars
  • the burden of mental illness and addictions in ontario is more than 1.5 times the burden of all cancers, and seven times the burden of all infectious diseases
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5
Q

Physical activity and mental health and illness

A

let’s looks at the role of physical activity in:

  • preventing mental illness
  • treating existing mental illness
  • improving quality of life for people with chronic physical or mental health problems
  • improving the mental health of general public
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6
Q

physical activity and depression

A
  • cross sectional: support that physically active people also report less depression
  • prospective cohort studies: suggest activity levels predict lower depression in the future
  • 3479 elderly NY residents were followed for 3 years
  • most active quartile had lowest odds of depression, followed y second most active quartile
  • walking-sport participants and gardeners showed lowest levels of depression
  • cohort is more powerful
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7
Q

physical activity and mental health: prevention

A
  • review of 30 prospective cohort studies
  • 25/30= significant neg association between PA and depression
  • most studies were high methodological quality
  • no clear evidence for a doze response relationship; any level of PA is associated with lower likeihood of future depression
  • promising evidence that any level of PA, including low levels Ex) walking 150 minutes/week can prevent future depression
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8
Q

prevention

A
  • could it be that physically active people have something else in common that accounts for their low likelihood of developing depression
  • when we control for cofounding factors such as disability, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, an socio-economic status, the relationship between PA and decreased depression remains
  • some caution: maybe we haven’t controlled for all possible cofounds ex) genetic factors
  • less convincing evidence for the preventative role of PA for other mental illnesses
  • less research has been done; fewer large scale prospective studies
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9
Q

physical activity and the prevention of anxiety

A
  • 12796 women and 11195 adult men
  • followed for 11 years
  • found significant neg associations between leisure time PA levels and anxiety symptoms
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10
Q

PA and dementia

A
  • hamer and chida conducted a review of pa and dementia
  • 16 studies
  • people with the highest level of pa had a 28% lower risk of developing dementia
  • 45% lower risk of developing alzheimers
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11
Q

depression

A

is characterized by: sad mood, loss of interest, reduced/excessive sleep; loss of energy, impaired concentration, slowed thoughts, motor activity; low motivation, suicidal thoughts

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12
Q

treatment of mental illness

A

strongest evidence exists for treatment of clinical depression

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13
Q

treatment of depression

A

cooney and colleagues: meta analysis of 39 studies (over 2000 people diagnosed with clinical depression)

  • randomized clinical trials
  • wide variation in the exercise intervention(type;intensity;duration)
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14
Q

results of treatment of depression

A
  • exercise has a moderate effect in reducing depression a compared to control groups
  • but effect was much smaller when examined among the 6 methodologically strongest studies
  • exercise may be best at decreasing depression when:
  • more sessions and mix of aerobic/strength-training activities
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15
Q

take home message of treatment of depression

A

-exercise is not a better treatment than other traditional treatments for depression; but it is better than nothing

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16
Q

pharamacuticals vs therapy vs PA

A

-pharamacutical versus PA= helpful, no more helpful than other
-therapy versus PA= as good
exercise better
-side effects of meds
-expensive
-stigma
-pa offers health benefits

17
Q

weaknesses research on pa as a treatment for depression

A
  • depression is often using self-reported scales rather than being diagnosed by a clinical psychologist
  • people often know when they are in the control group (not truly blind to what condition they are in)
18
Q

PA and quality of life among people with chronic physical and mental health problems

A
  • improved quality of life among people with chronic mental/physical health problems helps their ability to cope with their disorder/illness
  • research suggests that PA can improve aspects that affect among people with chronic physical/mental health problems including
  • people with spinal cord injuries
  • people with schizophrenia
19
Q

spinal cord

A
  • decreased depression following a 9 month PA intervention compared to a wait-list controls
  • results faded post intervention
20
Q

schizophrenia

A

-six months of twice a week exercise led to reduced depression and phyriatic symptoms as compared to

21
Q

improving mental health of general public

A
  • physical activity can promote mental health-feelings of well-being (happiness; satisfaction; vitality; interest in life)
  • when preformed at a relatively comfortable level (below the ventialtory threshold; point where you can talk to someone while exercising), pa leads to a “feel” good effect

KIN (14 decks)

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