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General Psychology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

consciousness

A

our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2
Q

dualism

A

mind separate entity from body. espoused by old-timey philosophers but now rejected: brain, part of body, is mind

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3
Q

circadian rhythm

A

daily rhythm that guides waking and sleeping cycle in many animals.

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4
Q

season affective disorder

A

more likely to experience depression in winter due to less bright light. helped by exposure to bright lights

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5
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleas

A

analyzes strength and duration to of light and sends that to brain, acting as the brain’s circadian “pacemaker”

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6
Q

melatonin

A

hormone secreted by the pineal gland when low light, makes you drowsy/sleepy

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7
Q

rapid eye movement (REM)

A

a stage of deep sleep characterized by fast moving eyes and dreaming

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8
Q

non-REM sleep

A

a deep sleep, characterized by very slow brain waves, that is further subdivided into three stages: N1, N2, N3

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9
Q

brain waves, going from awake to deeper sleeps

A

waves get slower as sleepier. beta waves (awake) ->alpha waves(N1) -> theta waves (N1)->delta waves (N3)

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10
Q

N1 stage of sleep

A

alpha then theta waves. drowsiness, some lost muscle tone, most awareness gone. twitches and vivid hallucinations

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11
Q

N2 stage of sleep

A

further decrease in muscle activity, conscious awareness of environment lost. roughly half of total sleep time. theta waves with bursts of rapid brain activity called sleep spindles

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12
Q

sleep spindles

A

bursts of rapid brain activity that intersperse theta waves of N2 sleep

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13
Q

N3 sleep

A

slow wave sleep with more very slow delta waves. most sleep abnormalities occur here. some muscle tone still exists, meaning sleepwalking is possible. limited awareness, reacting to things like smoke or baby crying.

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14
Q

insomnia

A

persistent difficulty falling or staying asleep

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15
Q

sleep apnea

A

a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing that last at least ten seconds

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16
Q

narcolepsy

A

a disorder characterized by extreme daytime sleepiness with frequent episodes of “nodding off”

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17
Q

sonambulism

A

sleepwalking, leaving bed and moving around while asleep

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18
Q

sleep terrors

A

disruptive sleep disorder, may feature intense panic and loud screams. inability to wake up even though you want to.

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19
Q

bruxism

A

teeth grinding during sleep

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20
Q

restless leg syndrome

A

itching, burning, or otherwise uncomfortable feeling in legs, worse when sleeping

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21
Q

periodic limb movement disorder

A

sudden involuntary movement of limbs

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22
Q

dreams

A

the succession of images, thoughts, sounds, and emotions that passes through our minds while sleeping

23
Q

wish fulfillment

A

freudian belief that dreaming allows us to act out desires we repress during the day

24
Q

manifest content vs latent content

A

literal actions vs hidden psychological meaning of a dream. uncover meaning of dreams with psychoanalysis to get a better handle on dreams. freudian theory.

25
Q

activation-synthesis theory

A

dreaming is neurons randomly firing off in the brain stem, cortex trying to make sense of it.

26
Q

psychoactive drug

A

a chemical that changes our states of consciousness, particularly our perceptions and moods. operates in synapses of central nervous system. agonists and antagonists.

27
Q

stimulant

A

block reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and enhanced mood, increased energy. caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines

28
Q

depressant

A

increases production of GABA and decrease ACh. calming, sleep, pain relief. alcohol and barbituates

29
Q

opiods

A

chemically similar to endorphins, body’s natural pain reducers. slowing of many functions, conspitation, respiratory and cardiac depression.

30
Q

hallucinogens

A

similar to seratonin and epinephrine, mimic them. altered consciousness, hallucinations. weed, LSD, mescaline, PCP, peyote

31
Q

tolerance

A

increase in dose required to produce the same effect

32
Q

dependence

A

need to use a drug or other substance regularly

33
Q

withdrawal

A

negative experiences that accompany reducing or stopping drug use, including physical pain and other symptoms. When the user powerfully craves the drug and is driven to seek it out, over and over again, no matter what the physical, social and financial, and legal cost

34
Q

safety ratio

A

fatal dose/effective dose. heroin=6, marijuana = 1000

35
Q

stimulant

A

a psychoactive drug that operates by blocking reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the synapses of the CNS

36
Q

caffeine

A

bitter psychoactive drug found in the beans, leaves and fruits of plants.

37
Q

nicotine

A

psychoactive drug found in nightshade family of plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide

38
Q

cocaine

A

an addictive drug obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. blood vessels, dilates pupils, increases body temp and heart rate.

39
Q

amphetamine

A

a stimulant that pro dues increased wakefulness and focus, along with decreased fatigue and appetite, prescriptions control ADHD

40
Q

methamphetamine

A

methylated amphetamines. highly dangerous

41
Q

MDMA

A

ecstasy, very strong stimulant. huge ups and downs

42
Q

depressant

A

a psychoactive drug that reduces the activity of the CNS. increased GABA, decreased ACh.

43
Q

alcohol

A

colorless liquid, produced by fermentation of sugar or starch, that is the intoxicating agent in fermented drinks

44
Q

barbituates

A

depressants that are commonly prescribed as sleeping pills and painkillers. low doses=sleepiness, relaxation. high doses=sluggishness, difficulty thinking, slowness of speech, drowsiness, faulty judgement, and eventually coma or death

45
Q

benzodiazepines

A

a family of despressants used to treat anxiety, insomnia, seizures, and muscle spasms. mild sedation and anxiety relief in low doses,

46
Q

toxic inhalants

A

vapors inhaled.

47
Q

opiods

A

chemicals that produce activity in opiod receptor neurons in the brain and in the digestive system, producing euphoria, analgesia, slower breathing, and constipation`

48
Q

opium

A

dried use of the unripe seed capsule of the opium poppy.

49
Q

morphine and heroin

A

stronger, more addictive drugs derived from opium

50
Q

codeine

A

weaker and less addictive member of opiate family.

51
Q

hallucinogens

A

psychoactive drugs that alter sensation and perception and that may create hallucinations. mimic serotonin and epinephrine.

52
Q

hypnosis

A

a trance-like state of consciousness, usually induced by a procedure known as hypnotic induction, which consists of heightened suggestibility, deep relaxation, and intense focus

53
Q

sensory deprivation

A

intentional reduction of stimuli affecting one or more of the five senses, with the possibility of resulting changes in consciousness

54
Q

meditation

A

techniques in which the individual focuses on something specific, such as an object, a word, or one’s breathing, with the goal of ignoring external distractions, focusing on one’s internal state, and a achieving a state of relaxation and well-being

General Psychology (17 decks)

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