Chapter 10

Question 1

affect

Answer 1

the experience of feeling or emotion

Question 2

arousal

Answer 2

our experiences of the bodily responses created by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Question 3

emotion

Answer 3

a mental and physiological feeling state that directs our attention and guides our behavior

Question 4

motivations

Answer 4

a driving force that initiates and directs behavior

Question 5

drives

Answer 5

internal states that are activated when the physiological characteristics of the body our out of balance

Question 6

goals

Answer 6

desired end states that we strive to attain

Question 7

homeostasis

Answer 7

natural state of the body’s systems, with goals, drives, and arousal in balance

Question 8

health psychology

Answer 8

interface between affect and physical health: everything that is physiological is also psychological

Question 9

basic emotions

Answer 9

anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise

Question 10

cognitive appraisal

Answer 10

cognitive interpretations that accompany emotions (i.e. fear falling from plane vs excitement falling on roller coaster) allows us to experience secondary emotions

Question 11

valence

Answer 11

whether a secondary emotion is positive or negative

Question 12

james-lange theory

Answer 12

physical arousal -> emotion

Question 13

cannon-bard theory

Answer 13

physical arousal + emotion at same time

Question 14

schachter-singer two-factor theory

Answer 14

physical arousal + cognitive label of experience = . experience of the emotion is determined by the intensity of the arousal we are experiencing, but that the cognitive appraisal of the situation determines what the emotion will be

Question 15

misattribution of arousal

Answer 15

the tendency for people to incorrectly label the source of the arousal they are experiencing

Question 16

excitation transfer

Answer 16

when people who are already experiencing arousal from one event tend to also experience unrelated emotions more strongly

Question 17

nonverbal communication

Answer 17

communication that does not involve words

Question 18

facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 18

the movement of our facial muscles can trigger corresponding emotions

Question 19

stress

Answer 19

the physiological responses that occur when an organism fails to respond appropriately to emotion or physical threats

Question 20

post-traumatic stress disorder

Answer 20

a medical syndrome that includes symptoms of anxiety, sleeplessness, nightmares, and social withdrawal

Question 21

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 21

the three distinct phases of physiological change that occur in response to long-term stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Question 22

HPA axis

Answer 22

a physiological response to stress involving interactions among the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and the adrenal glands

Question 23

cortisol

Answer 23

a stress hormone that releases sugars into the blood, helping preparing the body to respond to threat

Question 24

daily hassles

Answer 24

our everyday interactions with the environment that are essentially negative

Question 25

flight-of-fight response

Answer 25

an emotional and behavioral reaction to stress that increases the readiness for action

Question 26

tend and befriend response

Answer 26

a behavioral reaction to stress that involves activities designed to create social networks that provide protection from threats

Question 27

ocytocin

Answer 27

a hormone that promotes affiliation

Question 28

emotional regulation

Answer 28

the ability to successfully control our emotions

Question 29

optimism

Answer 29

a general tendency to expect positive outcomes

Question 30

self-efficacy

Answer 30

the belief in our ability to carry out actions that produce desired outcomes

Question 31

hardiness

Answer 31

quality of people who are positive overall about stressful life events, take more direct action to understand their causes, and attempt to learn from them.

Question 32

social support

Answer 32

having positive social relationships with others

Question 33

direct effects of social support

Answer 33

having people we can trust and rely on, to share favors with

Question 34

appreciation effects of social support

Answer 34

having people around makes us feel good about ourselves

Question 35

eating determinants

Answer 35

biological: hunger controlled by interactions among complex neurological, hormonal systems (maintaining hungry/full homeostasis)

Question 36

glucose

Answer 36

the main sugar the body uses for energy

Question 37

insulin

Answer 37

hormone secreted by pancreas gland, regulates glucose levels in bloodstream

Question 38

other appetite hormones

Answer 38

orexin, ghrelin, leptin

Question 39

basal metabolic rate

Answer 39

among of energy expended while at rest

Question 40

anorexia nerviosa

Answer 40

an eating disorder characterized by extremely low body weight, distorted body image, and an obsessive fear of gaining weight

Question 41

bulimia nervosa

Answer 41

an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging

Question 42

obesity

Answer 42

a medical condition in which so much excess body fat has accumulated in the body that it begins to have an adverse impact on health

Question 43

sexual response cycle

Answer 43

biological sexual response in humans

Question 44

four stages of sexual response cycle

Answer 44

excitement- increased blood flow to genital areas plateau- increase in breathing, blood pressure, and pulse as orgasm is imminent. orgasm- muscular contractions throughout the body, mainly in genitals. resolution- body returns to pre-aroused state. men have refractory period.

Question 45

hyperactive sexual desire disorder

Answer 45

3-6% of the population, sex drive so strong it dominates life

Question 46

sexual orientation

Answer 46

the direction of our sexual desire toward people of the opposite sex, people of the same sex, or people of both sexes

Question 47

gay fax

Answer 47

gyaness has been around as long as history, 34% gay men, 1-2% gay women, and 1% is bi.