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General Psychology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

affect

A

the experience of feeling or emotion

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2
Q

arousal

A

our experiences of the bodily responses created by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

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3
Q

emotion

A

a mental and physiological feeling state that directs our attention and guides our behavior

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4
Q

motivations

A

a driving force that initiates and directs behavior

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5
Q

drives

A

internal states that are activated when the physiological characteristics of the body our out of balance

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6
Q

goals

A

desired end states that we strive to attain

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7
Q

homeostasis

A

natural state of the body’s systems, with goals, drives, and arousal in balance

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8
Q

health psychology

A

interface between affect and physical health: everything that is physiological is also psychological

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9
Q

basic emotions

A

anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise

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10
Q

cognitive appraisal

A

cognitive interpretations that accompany emotions (i.e. fear falling from plane vs excitement falling on roller coaster) allows us to experience secondary emotions

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11
Q

valence

A

whether a secondary emotion is positive or negative

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12
Q

james-lange theory

A

physical arousal -> emotion

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13
Q

cannon-bard theory

A

physical arousal + emotion at same time

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14
Q

schachter-singer two-factor theory

A

physical arousal + cognitive label of experience = . experience of the emotion is determined by the intensity of the arousal we are experiencing, but that the cognitive appraisal of the situation determines what the emotion will be

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15
Q

misattribution of arousal

A

the tendency for people to incorrectly label the source of the arousal they are experiencing

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16
Q

excitation transfer

A

when people who are already experiencing arousal from one event tend to also experience unrelated emotions more strongly

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17
Q

nonverbal communication

A

communication that does not involve words

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18
Q

facial feedback hypothesis

A

the movement of our facial muscles can trigger corresponding emotions

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19
Q

stress

A

the physiological responses that occur when an organism fails to respond appropriately to emotion or physical threats

20
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder

A

a medical syndrome that includes symptoms of anxiety, sleeplessness, nightmares, and social withdrawal

21
Q

general adaptation syndrome

A

the three distinct phases of physiological change that occur in response to long-term stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

22
Q

HPA axis

A

a physiological response to stress involving interactions among the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and the adrenal glands

23
Q

cortisol

A

a stress hormone that releases sugars into the blood, helping preparing the body to respond to threat

24
Q

daily hassles

A

our everyday interactions with the environment that are essentially negative

25
Q

flight-of-fight response

A

an emotional and behavioral reaction to stress that increases the readiness for action

26
Q

tend and befriend response

A

a behavioral reaction to stress that involves activities designed to create social networks that provide protection from threats

27
Q

ocytocin

A

a hormone that promotes affiliation

28
Q

emotional regulation

A

the ability to successfully control our emotions

29
Q

optimism

A

a general tendency to expect positive outcomes

30
Q

self-efficacy

A

the belief in our ability to carry out actions that produce desired outcomes

31
Q

hardiness

A

quality of people who are positive overall about stressful life events, take more direct action to understand their causes, and attempt to learn from them.

32
Q

social support

A

having positive social relationships with others

33
Q

direct effects of social support

A

having people we can trust and rely on, to share favors with

34
Q

appreciation effects of social support

A

having people around makes us feel good about ourselves

35
Q

eating determinants

A

biological: hunger controlled by interactions among complex neurological, hormonal systems (maintaining hungry/full homeostasis)

36
Q

glucose

A

the main sugar the body uses for energy

37
Q

insulin

A

hormone secreted by pancreas gland, regulates glucose levels in bloodstream

38
Q

other appetite hormones

A

orexin, ghrelin, leptin

39
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

among of energy expended while at rest

40
Q

anorexia nerviosa

A

an eating disorder characterized by extremely low body weight, distorted body image, and an obsessive fear of gaining weight

41
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging

42
Q

obesity

A

a medical condition in which so much excess body fat has accumulated in the body that it begins to have an adverse impact on health

43
Q

sexual response cycle

A

biological sexual response in humans

44
Q

four stages of sexual response cycle

A

excitement- increased blood flow to genital areas
plateau- increase in breathing, blood pressure, and pulse as orgasm is imminent.
orgasm- muscular contractions throughout the body, mainly in genitals.
resolution- body returns to pre-aroused state. men have refractory period.

45
Q

hyperactive sexual desire disorder

A

3-6% of the population, sex drive so strong it dominates life

46
Q

sexual orientation

A

the direction of our sexual desire toward people of the opposite sex, people of the same sex, or people of both sexes

47
Q

gay fax

A

gyaness has been around as long as history, 34% gay men, 1-2% gay women, and 1% is bi.

General Psychology (17 decks)

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