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General Psychology > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

social psychology

A

the scientific study of how we feel about, think about, and behave toward the other people around us, and how those people influence our thoughts, feeling, and behavior

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2
Q

the social situation

A

the people with whom we are interacting

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3
Q

social cognition

A

the part of human thinking that helps us understand and predict the behavior of ourselves and others

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4
Q

attitudes

A

enduring evaluations of people or things

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5
Q

social norms

A

the accepted beliefs about what we do or what we should do in particular social situations

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6
Q

stereotyping

A

the tendency to attribute personality characteristics to people on the basis of their external appearance or social group memberships

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7
Q

prejudice

A

the tendency to dislike people because of their appearance or group memberships

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8
Q

discrimination

A

negative behaviors toward others based on prejudice

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9
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

when our expect ions about the personality characteristics of others lead us to behave toward those others in ways that make those beliefs come true

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10
Q

associal identity

A

the positive emotions that we experience as a result of our group memberships

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11
Q

close relations

A

long term intimate and romantic relationships that we develop with another person- for instance, in a marriage

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12
Q

interpersonal attraction

A

what makes people like, and even love each other

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13
Q

self-disclosure

A

the tendency to communicate frequently, without fear of reprisal, and in an accepting and empathetic manner

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14
Q

proximity

A

extent which people are physically near us

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15
Q

mere exposure

A

tendency to prefer stimuli (including but not limited to people) that we have seen more frequently

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16
Q

intimate relationship

A

when the partners in a relationship feel that they are close, and when they indicate the relationship is based on caring, warmth, acceptance and social support

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17
Q

interdependent

A

in a relationship, relying on each other to meet important goals

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18
Q

commitment

A

feelings and actions that keep partners working together to maintain the relationship

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19
Q

passion

A

positive affect partners display towards each other

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20
Q

responsiveness

A

people are happy, healthy, and likely to stay in relationships in which they are sure that they can trust the other person to understand, validate, and care for them

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21
Q

causal attribution

A

the process of trying to determine the causes of people’s behavior, with the goal of learning about their personalities

22
Q

person attribution

A

when a behavior was caused by a person

23
Q

situation attribution

A

when we believe a behavior

24
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

the common tendency to overestimate the role of person factors and overlook the impact of situations in judging others

25
Q

attitude

A

our relatively enduring evaluations of people and things

26
Q

persuasive communications

A

shit like humor, consider their goals, effective communicators, classical conditioning.

27
Q

self-monitoring

A

the tendency to regulate behavior to meet the demands of social situations

28
Q

self-perception

A

when we use our own behavior as a guide to help us determine our own thoughts and feelings

29
Q

foot-in-the-door technique

A

a method of persuasion in which the person is first persuaded to accept a rather minor request and then asked for a larger one after that

30
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

the discomfort we experience when we choose to behave in ways that we see as inappropriate

31
Q

altruism

A

any behavior that is designed to increase another person’s welfare, particularly those actions that do not seem to provide a direct reward to the person who performs then

32
Q

reasons for altruism

A

positive moods, similarity, guilt, empathy, benefits, personal responsibility, and self presentation.

33
Q

reciprocal altruism

A

the principle, that, if we help other people now, those others will return the favor should we need their help in the future

34
Q

reciprocity norm

A

reminds us that we should follow the principles of behavioral altruism

35
Q

social responsibility norm

A

we should try to help others who need assistance, even without any expectation of super payback

36
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

when we assume that others will take action and therefore we do not take action ourselves

37
Q

agression

A

behavior that is intended to harm another individual

38
Q

displaced aggression

A

aggression directed at an object or person other than the person who caused the frustration

39
Q

catharsis

A

the idea that observing or engaging in less harmful aggressive action will reduce the tendency to aggress later in a more harmful way

40
Q

desensitization

A

the tendency over time to show weaker emotional responses to emotional stimuli

41
Q

conformity

A

a change in beliefs or behavior that occurs as the result of the presence of the other people around us

42
Q

obedience

A

the tendency to conform to those in authority

43
Q

minority influence

A

in which a smaller number of individuals is able to influence the opinions of behaviors of the larger group

44
Q

psychological resistance

A

a strong emotional reaction that leads people to resist pressures to conform

45
Q

social facilitation

A

the tendency to perform tasks better or faster in the presence of others

46
Q

social inhibitions

A

the tendency to perform tasks worse or slower in the presence of others

47
Q

dominant response

A

action we are most likely to emit in any situation

48
Q

group process

A

the events that occur while the group is working on the task

49
Q

social loafing

A

a group process that occurs when people do not work as hard in a group as they do when they are working alone.

50
Q

illusion of group productivity

A

the tendency for group members to overvalue the productivity of the groups they work in

General Psychology (17 decks)

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