Chapter 3 Section 4

Question 1

nerves

Answer 1

bundles of interconnected neurons that fire in synchrony to carry messages

Question 2

sensory/afferent neuron

Answer 2

carries information from sensory receptors

Question 3

motor/efferent neuron

Answer 3

transmits information to the muscles and glands

Question 4

interneuron

Answer 4

most common type, located mainly in CNS, responsible for communicating among the neurons

Question 5

spinal cord

Answer 5

long, thin, tubular, bundle of nerves and supporting cells that extends down from the brain

Question 6

reflex

Answer 6

involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus

Question 7

autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

division of PNS that governs internal activities of human body, i.e. heart rate, breathing, digestion, salivation, perspiration, urination, sexual arousal

Question 8

somatic nervous system

Answer 8

division of PNS that controls external aspects of the body, including skeletal muscles, skin, and sense organs.

Question 9

sympathetic ANS division

Answer 9

division of ANS involved in preparing body for behavior, particularly in response to stress, by activating the organs and the glands in the endocrine system

Question 10

parasympathetic division of ANS

Answer 10

tends to calm the body by slowing the heart and breathing and by allowing the body to recover from activities caused by sympathetic division

Question 11

homeostatis

Answer 11

natural balance in the body’s systems. mainly brought about by interactions between sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of ANS.

Question 12

gland

Answer 12

part of endocrine system. groups of cells that function to secrete hormones

Question 13

hormone

Answer 13

a chemical that moves throughout the body to help regulate emotions and behaviors

Question 14

pituitary gland

Answer 14

a small pea-sized gland located near the center of the brain, responsible for controlling the body’s growth. also governs sex hormones and response to pain

Question 15

pancreas

Answer 15

secretes hormones to keep body supplied with fuel to produce and maintain storage of energy

Question 16

pineal gland

Answer 16

secretes melatonin, a hormone that helps regulate the wake-sleep cycle

Question 17

thyroid and parathyroid glands

Answer 17

responsible for deterring how quickly the body uses energy and hormones, and controlling the amount of calcium

Question 18

adrenal glands

Answer 18

one atop each kidney. produce hormones that regulate salt and water balance in the body, and they are involved in metabolism, the immune system, and sexual development/function

Question 19

epinephrine/adrenalin and norepinephrine/noradrenalin

Answer 19

secreted by adrenal glands when we are stressed, stimulating sympathetic part of ANS

Question 20

testes

Answer 20

male sex glands. secrete testosterone

Question 21

testosterone

Answer 21

hormone that regulates sexual development, including enlargement of penis, deepening of voice, growth of facial and pubic hair, increase in muscle strength. associated with aggression

Question 22

ovaries

Answer 22

female sex glands, located in pelvis. produce eggs and secrete estrogen and progesterone