Chapter 5

Question 1

What are 6 carbon sugars called

Answer 1

Hexose

Question 2

What are 5 carbon sugars called

Answer 2

Pentose

Question 3

What are 3 carbon sugars called

Answer 3

Triose

Question 4

Definition of saturated fats

Answer 4

Fatty acid that only has single bonds allowing more hydrogen atoms on the carbon skeleton

Question 5

Definition of unsaturated fats

Answer 5

Fatty acids that have one or more double bond

Question 6

What is trans fat

Answer 6

Unsaturated fat formed by hydrogenation of oils containing one or more trans double bonds

Question 7

Definition of cholesterol

Answer 7

Steroid that forms part of cell membrane and act as a precursor for synthesis of other steroids

Question 8

Functions of proteins

Answer 8

Catalyst, defense, storage, transport, communication, movement, structural support.

Question 9

Catalyst term

Answer 9

Chemical agent that increases rate of a reaction without being consumed by it

Question 10

Polypeptides

Answer 10

Polymer of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 11

Protien

Answer 11

Biologically functional molecules consisting of 1 or more polypeptide with a specific formation

Question 12

Amino acids

Answer 12

Organic molecule that has carboxyl and amino groups; monomer of polypeptide

Question 13

What is the alpha carbon

Answer 13

The asymmetrical carbon in an amino acid

Question 14

What is the r group

Answer 14

Distinguishing feature of amino acids

Question 15

Primary structure

Answer 15

Linear, dictates secondary structure and tertiary structure

Question 16

Secondary structure definition

Answer 16

Coiled or folded from hydrogen bonds, between the polypeptide backbone

Question 17

What causes hydrogen bonding in secondary structures

Answer 17

The oxygen atoms negative charge and nitrogen atoms being slightly positive

Question 18

What causes alpha helix in secondary structure

Answer 18

Coil held together by hydrogen bond between every 4th amino acid

Question 19

what is the Beta pleated sheet

Answer 19

The folds in secondary structure, 2 or more segments of polypeptide lying parallel connected by hydrogen bonds

Question 20

What is tertiary structure

Answer 20

Overall 3D shape resulting from polypeptides interacting with side chains

Question 21

What is a hydrophobic interaction in amino acids

Answer 21

Type of interaction in amino acids with non polar R groups that end up in clusters at its core

Question 22

In tertiary structures what holds nonpolar bonds

Answer 22

Van deer walls interaction

Question 23

What bonds holds the tertiary structure together

Answer 23

hydrogen bonds (between polar R groups) and ionic bonds (between positive and negative R groups)

Question 24

What bonds reinforces the shape of tertiary structures

Answer 24

Disulfide bridges or covalent bonds

Question 25

What is quaternary structure

Answer 25

contain 2 or more polypeptides chains combined into one functional protein

Question 26

Biology perspective of sickle cell disease

Answer 26

Disease caused by nucleotide change in alpha globin gene causes hemoglobin to aggregate changing cell shape

Question 27

Denaturation definition

Answer 27

For proteins, a process which disruption of weak chemical bonds and interactions make proteins lose their innate shape

Question 28

What technique is used to study 3-D shape of molecules

Answer 28

X-ray crystallography

Question 29

What is nucleic acid

Answer 29

Polymer of nucleotides

Question 30

Function of RNA

Answer 30

Protein synthesis, gene regulation, and genome for viruses

Question 31

What is the flow of genetic information

Answer 31

DNA>RNA>protein

Question 32

What synthesis mRNA

Answer 32

DNA

Question 33

Function of mRNA

Answer 33

Interact with ribosomes to direct production of polypeptides

Question 34

Where is DNA located

Answer 34

Nucleus

Question 35

Where does mRNA relay information

Answer 35

Cytoplasm

Question 36

What is a nucleoside

Answer 36

Portion of nucleotide without a phosphate group; lost after polymerization

Question 37

What are nitrogenous bases

Answer 37

Have 1-2 rings that include nitrogen atom. They are bases because the nitrogen tends to be basic in solutions

Question 38

What is pyrimidines

Answer 38

One six membered ring

Question 39

Purines

Answer 39

One six membered ring fused to a five membered ring

Question 40

What bond forms sugar phosphate backbone of nucleic acid

Answer 40

Phosphodiester bond