Chapter 14

Question 1

Character

Answer 1

An observable heritable feature that may vary among individuals

Question 2

Trait

Answer 2

One of two or more detectable variants in a genetic character

Question 3

Stamens

Answer 3

Pollen producing organ

Question 4

Carpel

Answer 4

Egg bearing organ

Question 5

True breeding

Answer 5

Organisms that produce offspring of the same variety over many generations of self pollination

Question 6

Hybridization

Answer 6

Mating of 2 true breeding varieties

Question 7

P generations

Answer 7

The true breeding parents individuals from which F1 hybrid offsprings are derived from

Question 8

F1 generations

Answer 8

Hybrid offspring arising from a parental cross

Question 9

F2 generations

Answer 9

Offspring from F1 generation

Question 10

Alleles

Answer 10

alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects

Question 11

Dominant alleles

Answer 11

Allele that is expressed in a heterozygote

Question 12

Recessive allele

Answer 12

Allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed

Question 13

Law of segregation

Answer 13

Mendel’s first law, starting that the 2 alleles in a pair segregate into different gametes

Question 14

Homozygote

Answer 14

Organism with pair of identical alleles for a gene

Question 15

Homozygous

Answer 15

Having 2 identical alleles for a given gene

Question 16

Heterozygous

Answer 16

Organism that has 2 different alleles for a gene

Question 17

Heterozygous

Answer 17

Having 2 different alleles for a given gene

Question 18

Phenotype

Answer 18

Observable physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its genetic makeup

Question 19

Genotype

Answer 19

Genetic makeup, or set of alleles of an organism

Question 20

Testcross

Answer 20

Breeding an organism of an unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to find unknown genotype

Question 21

Monohybrid

Answer 21

Organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest

Question 22

Monohybrid cross

Answer 22

Cross between 2 organisms that are monohybrid

Question 23

Dihybrid

Answer 23

Organism that is heterozygous with respect to 2 genes of interest

Question 24

Dihybrid cross

Answer 24

Cross between 2 organisms that are dihybrid

Question 25

Law of independent assortment

Answer 25

Each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other pair during gamete formation

Question 26

complete dominance

Answer 26

Phenotype of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote look the same

Question 27

Incomplete dominance

Answer 27

Phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele

Question 28

Codominance

Answer 28

Phenotype of both alleles are expressed in the heterozygote

Question 29

Epistasis

Answer 29

phenotypic expression of one gene alters another gene

Question 30

Quantitative characters

Answer 30

Heritable features that varies continuously over a range

Question 31

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 31

A single phenotypic character is affected by 2 or more genes

Question 32

Pleitropy

Answer 32

Ability of a single gene to have multiple effects

Question 33

Multifactorial

Answer 33

Referring to a phenotypic character that is influenced by multiple genes & environment

Question 34

Pedigree

Answer 34

Diagram of a family tree showing occurrence of heritable characters over multiple generations

Question 35

Carriers

Answer 35

Individual, who is heterozygous for recessively inherited disorder.

Question 36

Chromosome theory of inheritance

Answer 36

Genes are located at specific location on chromosomes and the behavior of it accounts for pattern of inheritance