Chapter 13 Meiosis Flashcards
Meiosis
Modified type of cell division in sexual organism which replicates DNA once and divides twice
Alternation of generations
Life cycle in which there is both a sporophyte, and gametophyte
Sporophyte
Form of a Multicellular diploid cell
Gametophyte
Form of a multicellular haploid cell
Where does alternation of generation take place
In plant and some algae
Meiosis 1
First cell division of meiosis resulting in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original
Meiosis 2
Second division in meiosis which results in cells with half the number id chromosome sets as the original
How many daughter cells does meiosis form
4 genetically different daughter cells
Allele
Any alternative version of genes
what occurs in Prophase 1
Duplicated homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments
what occurs in Metaphase 1
Chromosome line up by homologous pair at metaphase plate
what occurs in anaphase 1
2 Homologous chromosomes of each pair separate
what occurs in telophase 1 & cytokinesis
2 daughter haploid cells form
what occurs in prophase 2
Spindle apparatus forms
what occurs in metaphase 2
Chromosomes position at metaphase plate
what occurs in anaphase 2
Sister chromatids are separated and move towards opposite poles
what occurs in telophase 2 & cytokinesis phase
Nuclei formation, chromosomes decondense, & cytokinesis
Synaptonemal complex
Protein complex that connects a chromosome to its homologous pair along their lengths in prophase 1
Synapsis
Pairing of physical connection of one duplicated chromosome to its homolog in prophase
Chiasmata
X shaped region where crossing over has occurred in prophase 1 between non sister chromatids
When is chiasmata visible
After synapsis ends
Recombinant chromosomes
A chromosome created when crossing over combines DNA from 2 parents into single chromosomes
What can cause differing alleles
Mutations
