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Psychology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Stream of consciousness

A

Describes the constantly changing flow of the mind based on changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings

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2
Q

Consciousness

A

Our awareness of our environment and active processing of information

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3
Q

The reticular activating system

A

Consists of the brain stem, medulla, and thalamus; all three work together to regulate state of arousal

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4
Q

Theory of mind

A

A person’s subjective understanding of the thoughts and feelings of others

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5
Q

Controlled processes

A

Alert states in which individuals focus toward a goal

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6
Q

Executive function

A

Higher order cognitive processes of thought, planning, and problem solving

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7
Q

Automatic processes

A

States of consciousness that do not require active attention or conscious effort

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8
Q

Unconscious thought

A

Proposed by Freud as an area not consciously accessible. harboring unacceptable desires, and thoughts

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9
Q

Sleep

A

A natural and necessary state of rest for the body and mind in which sensory information is not consciously processed

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10
Q

Biological rhythms

A

Periodic physiological changes and fluctuations in the body that follow some natural schedule

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11
Q

Circadian rhythms

A

Daily behavioral and physiological cycles of change like sleep/wake, body temperature, blood pressure, and blood sugar

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12
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

Brain structure that receives information from the retina about light and synchronizes a daily schedule of light and dark

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13
Q

Cognitive theory of dreaming

A

Proposes that the same means of understanding the waking mind can be used to understand dreams

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14
Q

Activation-synthesis theory of dreaming

A

Dreams are the result of the brain trying to make sense of random brain activity during sleep

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15
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

Substances that impact the nervous system and conscious processes and perception

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16
Q

Tolerance

A

The need to take more of a drug to produce the desired effect

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17
Q

Physical independence

A

The physiological need for a substance in order to avoid withdrawal sysmptoms

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18
Q

Psychological dependence

A

The cognitive and emotional drive to continue substance use

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19
Q

Addiction

A

The physical and psychological need to continue use

20
Q

Depressants

A

A form of psychoactive drug that decreases thought and reaction processes

21
Q

Alcoholism

A

Refers to an issue associated with excessive alcohol use that has a negative impact on an individual’s life

22
Q

Barbiturates

A

Depressants used to calm activity in the central nervous system

23
Q

Tranquilizers

A

Depressants that help an individual relax

24
Q

Opioids

A

Highly addictive drugs that activate the same neuron receptors as the endorphin neurotransmitter and act to ease pain and stress

25
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs that increase central nervous system activity

26
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Drugs that alter how an individual percieves their enviroment

27
Q

Hypnosis

A

A process that places an individual in an altered and more receptive state of consciousness

28
Q

Divided consciousness view of hypnosis

A

An individual who is hypnotized has two components to their consciousness. One attending to the person who hypnotized them, and another watching the process

29
Q

Social cognitive behavior view of hypnosis

A

Proposes that hypnosis is actually a normal state and people hypnotized are behaving based on their expectations of how they should behave

30
Q

Meditation

A

An intentional mindful process that an individual does to create a state of peace and calm

31
Q

Stage W

A

The person is awake

32
Q

Non-REM stages (N1-N3)

A

The person moves from light sleep to deep sleep

33
Q

N3 is the?

A

Deepest sleep

34
Q

Most dreaming occurs during stage ?

A

R or REM sleep

35
Q

Each sleep cycle lasts about?

A

90-100 minutes and several cycles occur throughout the night

36
Q

The REM stage lasts longer towards?

A

The end of a nights sleep

37
Q

Levels of neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine do what as the sleep cycle progresses?

A

Decrease

38
Q

R or REM sleep begins when?

A

The reticular formation raises the level of acetylcholine

39
Q

Addictive drugs activate the brains?

A

Reward system by releasing dopamine concentration

40
Q

Abuse of psychoactive drugs can lead to?

A

Tolerance, psychological, and physical dependence, and addiction

41
Q

Who described the mind as a stream of consciousness?

A

William James

42
Q

Higher level awareness

A

Controlled processes and selective attention

43
Q

Lower level awareness

A

Automatic processes and daydreaming

44
Q

The part of the brain that keeps our biological clocks synchronized is the?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

45
Q

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the?

A

Hypothalamus

Psychology (13 decks)

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