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Psychology > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Abnormal behavior

A

Behavior that is outside of what is considered normal in a given society

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2
Q

The medical model

A

Views psychological disorders as medical diseases with a biological origin

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3
Q

Vulnerability-stress hypothesis or diathesis stress model

A

Proposes that we are born with genetic predispositions or sensitivities to certain mental health issues that combine with environmental stressors to create the disorder

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4
Q

The DSM-5

A

The main psychological disorder classification instrument in the U.S

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5
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A

A person experiences body symptoms of pain or illness that are not medically explained and that interfere with daily function

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6
Q

Comobidity

A

The presence of two or more psychological disorders that are presenting symptoms at the same time

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7
Q

Risk factors

A

Characteristics or circumstances that increase the likelihood an individual will develop a psychological disorder

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8
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Used when someone develops a disorder and is often used to help individuals recognize and overcome their problems

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9
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders

A

Psychological disorders often diagnosed in childhood that are traced to abnormal brain function or developmental through genetic and/or environmental factors

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10
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A

A neurodevelopmental disorder that involves issues with socialization and odd or repetitive behaviors

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11
Q

Illusory Correlation

A

Two different events are mistakenly connected because they happened around the same time or the same place

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12
Q

Applied behavior analysis or behavior modification

A

A from of learning directed at behaviors based on operant conditioning principles

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13
Q

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

A psychological disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

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14
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Characterized by tension and apprehensive expectations and thoughts

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15
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Characterized by persistent, unspecified worry, especially in anticipation of imagined possible negative events for at least six months

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16
Q

Panic disorder

A

A strong sudden experience of intense terror without warning or a specific cause

17
Q

Specific phobia

A

An irrational overwhelming fear of a specific object or situation like a fear of snakes or spiders

18
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) or Social Phobia

A

Characterized by an intense fear of being humiliated in social situations

19
Q

Obsessive-complusive disorder

A

Characterized by anxiety-provoking thoughts that lead to ritualistic or repetitive behaviors in order to ease them

20
Q

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

A psychological disorder that develops as the result of exposure to a traumatic event

21
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

Are psychological disorders that are characterized by a sudden loss of memory or changes in identity based on dissociation of conscious awareness

22
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Characterized by extreme memory loss due to psychological stress

23
Q

Dissociative identity

A

When an individual has two or more distinct personalities or selves

24
Q

Depressive disorders

A

Psychological disorders characterized by depression

25
Q

Major depressive disorder (MDD)

A

A depressive disorder with significant depressive episodes, lethargy, and hopelessness

26
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania

27
Q

Psychosis

A

A psychological state of unreality

28
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A severe psychological disorder with disorganized thoughts and experiences of unreality

29
Q

Hallucinations

A

Sensory experiences an individuals registers when there is no real stimuli

30
Q

Delusions

A

False unusual and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual’s culture

31
Q

Thought disorder

A

Refers to bizarre and unusual thought processes that often do not make sense

32
Q

Referential thinking

A

Ascribing personal meeting to random events

33
Q

Movement disorders

A

Involves unusual mannerisms, body movements, and facial expressions characteristic of positive symptoms in schizophrenia

34
Q

Catatonia

A

State of immobility and unresponsiveness lasting for long periods of time

35
Q

Flat affect

A

The display of little or no emotion, or lack of emotion

36
Q

Personality disorders

A

Are chronic, maladaptive thought and behavior patterns that are completely ingrained in the individuals personality

37
Q

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

A

A personality disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation, and deceit. People who are considered psychopaths are a subgroup of ASPD

Psychology (13 decks)

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