Chapter 15 Flashcards
Abnormal behavior
Behavior that is outside of what is considered normal in a given society
The medical model
Views psychological disorders as medical diseases with a biological origin
Vulnerability-stress hypothesis or diathesis stress model
Proposes that we are born with genetic predispositions or sensitivities to certain mental health issues that combine with environmental stressors to create the disorder
The DSM-5
The main psychological disorder classification instrument in the U.S
Somatic Symptom Disorder
A person experiences body symptoms of pain or illness that are not medically explained and that interfere with daily function
Comobidity
The presence of two or more psychological disorders that are presenting symptoms at the same time
Risk factors
Characteristics or circumstances that increase the likelihood an individual will develop a psychological disorder
Psychotherapy
Used when someone develops a disorder and is often used to help individuals recognize and overcome their problems
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Psychological disorders often diagnosed in childhood that are traced to abnormal brain function or developmental through genetic and/or environmental factors
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
A neurodevelopmental disorder that involves issues with socialization and odd or repetitive behaviors
Illusory Correlation
Two different events are mistakenly connected because they happened around the same time or the same place
Applied behavior analysis or behavior modification
A from of learning directed at behaviors based on operant conditioning principles
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
A psychological disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
Anxiety disorders
Characterized by tension and apprehensive expectations and thoughts
Generalized anxiety disorder
Characterized by persistent, unspecified worry, especially in anticipation of imagined possible negative events for at least six months
Panic disorder
A strong sudden experience of intense terror without warning or a specific cause
Specific phobia
An irrational overwhelming fear of a specific object or situation like a fear of snakes or spiders
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) or Social Phobia
Characterized by an intense fear of being humiliated in social situations
Obsessive-complusive disorder
Characterized by anxiety-provoking thoughts that lead to ritualistic or repetitive behaviors in order to ease them
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
A psychological disorder that develops as the result of exposure to a traumatic event
Dissociative disorders
Are psychological disorders that are characterized by a sudden loss of memory or changes in identity based on dissociation of conscious awareness
Dissociative amnesia
Characterized by extreme memory loss due to psychological stress
Dissociative identity
When an individual has two or more distinct personalities or selves
Depressive disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by depression
Major depressive disorder (MDD)
A depressive disorder with significant depressive episodes, lethargy, and hopelessness
Bipolar disorder
Characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania
Psychosis
A psychological state of unreality
Schizophrenia
A severe psychological disorder with disorganized thoughts and experiences of unreality
Hallucinations
Sensory experiences an individuals registers when there is no real stimuli
Delusions
False unusual and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual’s culture
Thought disorder
Refers to bizarre and unusual thought processes that often do not make sense
Referential thinking
Ascribing personal meeting to random events
Movement disorders
Involves unusual mannerisms, body movements, and facial expressions characteristic of positive symptoms in schizophrenia
Catatonia
State of immobility and unresponsiveness lasting for long periods of time
Flat affect
The display of little or no emotion, or lack of emotion
Personality disorders
Are chronic, maladaptive thought and behavior patterns that are completely ingrained in the individuals personality
Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)
A personality disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation, and deceit. People who are considered psychopaths are a subgroup of ASPD
