Chapter 16 Flashcards
Clinical psychology
An area of psychology that combines science and theory to create prevention and treatment programs for psychological disorders
Psychotherapy
Uses nonmedical strategies like communication, active listening, and learning to help people with psychological disorders
Medical or biomedical therapies
Biological treatments designed to help reduce physical symptoms of psychological disorders
Empirically supported treatment
A treatment approach that relies on scientific research findings to develop treatment options for psychological disorders
Evidence-based practice
Uses three criteria to make desicions about treatment options: best available research, therapist’s professional judgement, and client characteristics
Therapeutic alliance
The relationship between the therapist and client as they work together in treatment
Psychodynamic therapies
Focuses treatment on the influence of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences on the development of psychological issues
Psychoanalysis
A psychodynamic therapeutic technique for analyzing unconscious thoughts
Dream analysis
A psychoanalytic technique that explores the meaning of a client’s dreams
Transference
Occurs as a client transfers feelings and ways of interacting with someone in their personal life onto their therapist
Humanistic therapies
Focuses on client’s strengths and growth as they move toward their best selves
Client-centered therapy
Focuses on showing the client unconditional positive regard while encouraging the client to share their subjective experiences that are causing problems
Reflective speech
Used by a therapist to mirror a client’s feelings back to them
Behavior therapies
Focuses on modifying maladaptive behaviors using learning principles
Systematic desensitization
A behavioral therapy used to help reduce fear responses by teaching coping techniques for anxiety producing situations
Cognitive therapies
Focuses on maladaptive thoughts as the main source of psychological problems and work on changing them
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
Combines cognitive and behavior therapies as it focuses on the interactions between thoughts and behaviors
Integrative therapy
Draws from different techniques from all therapies as the situation warrants
Anxiety drugs
Used to reduce anxiety by slowing neurotransmitter activity during anxious episodes
Antidepressant drugs
Act to regulate mood by acting on neurotransmitters
Lithium
An element on the periodic table that is used to treat bipolar disorder
Antipsychotic drugs
Are designed to treat severe psychological disorders like schizophrenia by easing agitated behaviors
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Therapy that acts directly on the brain to set off a seizure in an effort to treat severe mood and anxiety disorders that have not responded to other forms of treatment
Deep brain stimulation
Involves implanting electrodes within the brain itself that emit signals to alter the brain’s electrical circuity
Psychosurgery
A surgical removal of brain tissue in effort to improve symptoms
Group therapy
Done in sessions with individuals who share a common issue as treatment. Sessions are led by a mental health professional
Family therapy
A form of group therapy that is conducted with members of a family
Couples therapy
Centers on working with couples on issues within their relationship
Cross-cultural competence
Refers to how skilled a therapists thinks they are at managing cultural issues that might arise in therapy and how effective the client thinks it will be
Well-being therapy
A short-term, problem-focused form of directive therapy that encourages clients to recognize and accept the good things in their life
