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CNC > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Between 1969/1971 and 1999/2001, global food consumption per person has risen by how much?

A

Approximately 400 kcal per person per day

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2
Q

Which of the following is best defined as the energy accounted for during everyday activities?

A

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

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3
Q

Which of the following is best defined as the energy accounted for during digestion and processing of food?

A

Thermic effect of feeding (TEF)

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4
Q

Most cells utilize which of the following as their primary source of energy during intense activity?

A

Glucose

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5
Q

Calories (energy) in versus calories (energy) out is an example of what principle?

A

The first law of thermodynamics

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6
Q

Which organ produces and releases insulin?

A

Pancreas

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7
Q

Energy utilized for immediate work is known as which of the following?

A

Kinetic

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8
Q

The storage form of glucose is know as which of the following?

A

Glycogen

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9
Q

What percent of daily energy expenditure is accounted for by the process of consuming food?

A

10%

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10
Q

What is the process of generating energy from the food we eat?

A

Metabolism

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11
Q

ATP consists of an adenosine molecule bonded to how many phosphate groups?

A

Three

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12
Q

Energy expended during walking at work, typing, walking to and from meetings, and fidgeting is referred to as which of the following?

A

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

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13
Q

What are shorter sleep cycles associated with?

A

Weight gain

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14
Q

The process of generating energy (in the form of ATP) from nutrients we consume in our diet is referred to as which of the following?

A

Energy metabolism

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15
Q

Resting metabolic rate, or RMR, declines by what percentage per decade for men?

A

1 to 2%

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16
Q

Which of the following is best described as the energy consumed for fuel to support and maintain normal body functions like temperature regulation?

A

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

17
Q

Which category includes glucose (sugar), starches, and non-digestible cellulose?

A

Carbohydrates

18
Q

To which of the following is one metabolic equivalent (MET) equal?

A

3.5 ml O2/kg/min

19
Q

Which hormone is referred to as the hunger hormone because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake, and promotes fat storage?

A

Ghrelin

20
Q

A metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids is referred to as which of the following?

A

Gluconeogensis

21
Q

Which is one of the key features that distinguishes life from non-life?

A

Metabolism

22
Q

What is the autoimmune disorder that leads to damage in the small intestine when gluten products are consumed?

A

Celiac disease

23
Q

What foods tend to have a higher thermic response than others?

A

High-protein foods

24
Q

A deficiency in which hormone is associated with an increased fat mass (central adiposity in particular), reduced insulin sensitivity, and impaired glucose tolerance?

A

Testosterone

25
Q

Which hormone, produced by adipose cells, decreases appetite when released?

A

Leptin

26
Q

What is the end-result of inadequate rest?

A

Reduced RMR

27
Q

The increase in energy expenditure after consuming a meal is referred to as which of the following?

A

Thermic effect of feeding (TEF)

28
Q

Worldwide, activity levels (including occupational work, home/domestic work, leisure and exercise, and physical activity) are doing which of the following?

A

Declining

29
Q

The first law of thermodynamics is also referred to as which of the following?

A

The law of conservation of energy

30
Q

ATP consists of an adenosine molecule bonded to how many phosphate groups?

A

3

31
Q

The basic energy need of an average human being is approximately how many Calories?

A

2000

CNC (18 decks)

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