Chapter 5 Flashcards
Between 1969/1971 and 1999/2001, global food consumption per person has risen by how much?
Approximately 400 kcal per person per day
Which of the following is best defined as the energy accounted for during everyday activities?
Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
Which of the following is best defined as the energy accounted for during digestion and processing of food?
Thermic effect of feeding (TEF)
Most cells utilize which of the following as their primary source of energy during intense activity?
Glucose
Calories (energy) in versus calories (energy) out is an example of what principle?
The first law of thermodynamics
Which organ produces and releases insulin?
Pancreas
Energy utilized for immediate work is known as which of the following?
Kinetic
The storage form of glucose is know as which of the following?
Glycogen
What percent of daily energy expenditure is accounted for by the process of consuming food?
10%
What is the process of generating energy from the food we eat?
Metabolism
ATP consists of an adenosine molecule bonded to how many phosphate groups?
Three
Energy expended during walking at work, typing, walking to and from meetings, and fidgeting is referred to as which of the following?
Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
What are shorter sleep cycles associated with?
Weight gain
The process of generating energy (in the form of ATP) from nutrients we consume in our diet is referred to as which of the following?
Energy metabolism
Resting metabolic rate, or RMR, declines by what percentage per decade for men?
1 to 2%
Which of the following is best described as the energy consumed for fuel to support and maintain normal body functions like temperature regulation?
Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
Which category includes glucose (sugar), starches, and non-digestible cellulose?
Carbohydrates
To which of the following is one metabolic equivalent (MET) equal?
3.5 ml O2/kg/min
Which hormone is referred to as the hunger hormone because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake, and promotes fat storage?
Ghrelin
A metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids is referred to as which of the following?
Gluconeogensis
Which is one of the key features that distinguishes life from non-life?
Metabolism
What is the autoimmune disorder that leads to damage in the small intestine when gluten products are consumed?
Celiac disease
What foods tend to have a higher thermic response than others?
High-protein foods
A deficiency in which hormone is associated with an increased fat mass (central adiposity in particular), reduced insulin sensitivity, and impaired glucose tolerance?
Testosterone
Which hormone, produced by adipose cells, decreases appetite when released?
Leptin
What is the end-result of inadequate rest?
Reduced RMR
The increase in energy expenditure after consuming a meal is referred to as which of the following?
Thermic effect of feeding (TEF)
Worldwide, activity levels (including occupational work, home/domestic work, leisure and exercise, and physical activity) are doing which of the following?
Declining
The first law of thermodynamics is also referred to as which of the following?
The law of conservation of energy
ATP consists of an adenosine molecule bonded to how many phosphate groups?
3
The basic energy need of an average human being is approximately how many Calories?
2000
