Chapter 10

Question 1

What family of compounds are the vitamin K1 compounds called?

Answer 1

Phylloquinones

Question 2

What important molecule is magnesium conjugated to in the body?

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

What percent of magnesium in the human body is found in bone tissue?

Answer 3

60%

Question 4

What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin A for adult males ( > 18 years of age)?

Answer 4

900 μg/day

Question 5

Deficiencies in vitamin E can lead to which of the following?

Answer 5

Slurred speech

Question 6

What is the group of compounds that make up the vitamin A family called?

Answer 6

Retinoids

Question 7

What elemental metal is present in vitamin B12?

Answer 7

Cobalt

Question 8

What is the common name for vitamin B2?

Answer 8

Riboflavin

Question 9

What is the maximal recommended daily intake of mercury?

Answer 9

2 µg/kg

Question 10

What percent of athletes have been found to have inadequate levels of vitamin D?

Answer 10

54%

Question 11

In what process does selenium play a critical role?

Answer 11

Antioxidant system

Question 12

What differentiates macro- and micronutrients?

Answer 12

The quantity in which they are needed in the diet.

Question 13

Iron deficiency is the primary cause of which of the following conditions?

Answer 13

Anemia

Question 14

Deficiencies in vitamin B1 lead to which of the following?

Answer 14

Beriberi

Question 15

What percent of children under the age of 5 have vitamin A deficiency worldwide?

Answer 15

33%

Question 16

Vitamin C deficiencies occur in what percentage of the population of the United States?

Answer 16

7%

Question 17

What is the recommended serving amount of fruit per day based on USDA Guidelines?

Answer 17

4

Question 18

What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of iodine for adults (men and non-pregnant or lactating women > 18 years of age)?

Answer 18

150 μg/day

Question 19

What is the definition of Estimated Average Requirement for a nutrient?

Answer 19

A nutrient intake value that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a group.

Question 20

What disease is the result of vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 20

Rickets

Question 21

What is the intracellular-to-extracellular ratio of potassium?

Answer 21

30:1

Question 22

In which of the following key processes is chromium involved?

Answer 22

Insulin signaling

Question 23

What is the normal range of calcium in the blood?

Answer 23

8.4-9.5 mg/dL

Question 24

Deficiencies in vitamin C can lead to which of the following?

Answer 24

Scurvy

Question 25

What percent increased requirement do long distance runners have for iron compared to non-runners?

Answer 25

70%

Question 26

What feature of minerals makes them different from vitamins?

Answer 26

They are inorganic.

Question 27

What is the common name for vitamin B3?

Answer 27

Niacin

Question 28

Hyponatremia (low-sodium concentration in the blood) sets in when sodium falls below what concentration?

Answer 28

135 millimolar

Question 29

What is the result of extended periods of high doses of fluoride?

Answer 29

Damage to bones

Question 30

What medical therapy is used to remove metals from the body, specifically things like iron, mercury, arsenic, and/or lead?

Answer 30

Chelation

Question 31

What blood process does vitamin K help directly control?

Answer 31

Blood clotting

Question 32

Choline is the primary molecule used to make what neurotransmitter?

Answer 32

Acetylcholine

Question 33

What percent of the body is made of calcium?

Answer 33

1-2%

Question 34

What is the normal range for the extracellular concentration of sodium?

Answer 34

136 to 151 millimolar