Chapter 10 Flashcards
What family of compounds are the vitamin K1 compounds called?
Phylloquinones
What important molecule is magnesium conjugated to in the body?
ATP
What percent of magnesium in the human body is found in bone tissue?
60%
What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin A for adult males ( > 18 years of age)?
900 μg/day
Deficiencies in vitamin E can lead to which of the following?
Slurred speech
What is the group of compounds that make up the vitamin A family called?
Retinoids
What elemental metal is present in vitamin B12?
Cobalt
What is the common name for vitamin B2?
Riboflavin
What is the maximal recommended daily intake of mercury?
2 µg/kg
What percent of athletes have been found to have inadequate levels of vitamin D?
54%
In what process does selenium play a critical role?
Antioxidant system
What differentiates macro- and micronutrients?
The quantity in which they are needed in the diet.
Iron deficiency is the primary cause of which of the following conditions?
Anemia
Deficiencies in vitamin B1 lead to which of the following?
Beriberi
What percent of children under the age of 5 have vitamin A deficiency worldwide?
33%
Vitamin C deficiencies occur in what percentage of the population of the United States?
7%
What is the recommended serving amount of fruit per day based on USDA Guidelines?
4
What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of iodine for adults (men and non-pregnant or lactating women > 18 years of age)?
150 μg/day
What is the definition of Estimated Average Requirement for a nutrient?
A nutrient intake value that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a group.
What disease is the result of vitamin D deficiency?
Rickets
What is the intracellular-to-extracellular ratio of potassium?
30:1
In which of the following key processes is chromium involved?
Insulin signaling
What is the normal range of calcium in the blood?
8.4-9.5 mg/dL
Deficiencies in vitamin C can lead to which of the following?
Scurvy
What percent increased requirement do long distance runners have for iron compared to non-runners?
70%
What feature of minerals makes them different from vitamins?
They are inorganic.
What is the common name for vitamin B3?
Niacin
Hyponatremia (low-sodium concentration in the blood) sets in when sodium falls below what concentration?
135 millimolar
What is the result of extended periods of high doses of fluoride?
Damage to bones
What medical therapy is used to remove metals from the body, specifically things like iron, mercury, arsenic, and/or lead?
Chelation
What blood process does vitamin K help directly control?
Blood clotting
Choline is the primary molecule used to make what neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
What percent of the body is made of calcium?
1-2%
What is the normal range for the extracellular concentration of sodium?
136 to 151 millimolar
