Chapter 22

Question 1

Gluten increases intestinal permeability by interacting with which one of the following molecules?

Answer 1

Zonulin

Question 2

Which of the following is produced in the greatest quantity during fructose metabolism?

Answer 2

Glucose

Question 3

The link between nonnutritive sweeteners and obesity in observational research can be explained by which of the following?

Answer 3

Reverse causality

Question 4

Compared to other carbohydrates, calorie-equated exchange for fructose affects which of the following?

Answer 4

Glycemic control

Question 5

What is an example of a direct risk of GMO consumption?

Answer 5

Expression of allergenic proteins

Question 6

The greatest concern of consumers of organic foods is the perception that organic foods are which of the following?

Answer 6

Healthy

Question 7

Which answer most appropriately describes the effect of consuming nonnutritive sweeteners on appetite and food intake?

Answer 7

Insulin sensitivity

Question 8

What method of pest control is used least in organic agriculture?

Answer 8

Use of pesticides

Question 9

How many nonnutritive sweeteners have been approved for use by the FDA?

Answer 9

8

Question 10

What is the reason that most studies researching the health effects of fructose are not relevant?

Answer 10

They use unrealistic doses of fructose.

Question 11

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity is best described as which of the following?

Answer 11

Food sensitivity

Question 12

Most clients will obtain their information about GMOs from the internet, television, radio, and which of the following?

Answer 12

Friends and family

Question 13

Which of the following is produced in the lowest quantity during fructose metabolism?

Answer 13

Fatty acids

Question 14

High-fructose corn syrup usually contains what percentage of fructose?

Answer 14

55–65%

Question 15

Wheat allergy is best described as which of the following?

Answer 15

Allergic Reaction

Question 16

Switching from conventional to organic produce significantly reduces biomarkers of pesticide exposure in as little as how many days?

Answer 16

5–7 days

Question 17

What is an example of a direct risk of GMO consumption?

Answer 17

Expression of allergenic proteins

Question 18

Nonnutritive sweeteners may be associated with weight gain because of what psychological phenomenon?

Answer 18

Brain activation patterns

Question 19

Grass-fed or grass-finished cattle are different from organic cattle primarily because of which of the following reasons?

Answer 19

Organic cattle eat grains during the end of their life.

Question 20

The average dose of fructose used during controlled trials was greater than the intake of what percentile of Americans?

Answer 20

95%

Question 21

Toxins and toxicants accumulate in humans primarily within which of the following?

Answer 21

Fat

Question 22

What is the primary difference between conventional and organic agriculture?

Answer 22

Pesticide use

Question 23

Increased translocation of microbial products through the intestinal barrier, an immune response toward lipopolysaccharides, and increased intestinal permeabiity all play a roll in the symptoms of which of the following?

Answer 23

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity

Question 24

Organic meat and milk, compared to conventional, contains significantly greater concentrations of what nutrient?

Answer 24

Omega-3 fatty acids