Chapter 22 Flashcards
Gluten increases intestinal permeability by interacting with which one of the following molecules?
Zonulin
Which of the following is produced in the greatest quantity during fructose metabolism?
Glucose
The link between nonnutritive sweeteners and obesity in observational research can be explained by which of the following?
Reverse causality
Compared to other carbohydrates, calorie-equated exchange for fructose affects which of the following?
Glycemic control
What is an example of a direct risk of GMO consumption?
Expression of allergenic proteins
The greatest concern of consumers of organic foods is the perception that organic foods are which of the following?
Healthy
Which answer most appropriately describes the effect of consuming nonnutritive sweeteners on appetite and food intake?
Insulin sensitivity
What method of pest control is used least in organic agriculture?
Use of pesticides
How many nonnutritive sweeteners have been approved for use by the FDA?
8
What is the reason that most studies researching the health effects of fructose are not relevant?
They use unrealistic doses of fructose.
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity is best described as which of the following?
Food sensitivity
Most clients will obtain their information about GMOs from the internet, television, radio, and which of the following?
Friends and family
Which of the following is produced in the lowest quantity during fructose metabolism?
Fatty acids
High-fructose corn syrup usually contains what percentage of fructose?
55–65%
Wheat allergy is best described as which of the following?
Allergic Reaction
Switching from conventional to organic produce significantly reduces biomarkers of pesticide exposure in as little as how many days?
5–7 days
What is an example of a direct risk of GMO consumption?
Expression of allergenic proteins
Nonnutritive sweeteners may be associated with weight gain because of what psychological phenomenon?
Brain activation patterns
Grass-fed or grass-finished cattle are different from organic cattle primarily because of which of the following reasons?
Organic cattle eat grains during the end of their life.
The average dose of fructose used during controlled trials was greater than the intake of what percentile of Americans?
95%
Toxins and toxicants accumulate in humans primarily within which of the following?
Fat
What is the primary difference between conventional and organic agriculture?
Pesticide use
Increased translocation of microbial products through the intestinal barrier, an immune response toward lipopolysaccharides, and increased intestinal permeabiity all play a roll in the symptoms of which of the following?
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
Organic meat and milk, compared to conventional, contains significantly greater concentrations of what nutrient?
Omega-3 fatty acids
