Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Gluten increases intestinal permeability by interacting with which one of the following molecules?

A

Zonulin

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2
Q

Which of the following is produced in the greatest quantity during fructose metabolism?

A

Glucose

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3
Q

The link between nonnutritive sweeteners and obesity in observational research can be explained by which of the following?

A

Reverse causality

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4
Q

Compared to other carbohydrates, calorie-equated exchange for fructose affects which of the following?

A

Glycemic control

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5
Q

What is an example of a direct risk of GMO consumption?

A

Expression of allergenic proteins

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6
Q

The greatest concern of consumers of organic foods is the perception that organic foods are which of the following?

A

Healthy

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7
Q

Which answer most appropriately describes the effect of consuming nonnutritive sweeteners on appetite and food intake?

A

Insulin sensitivity

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8
Q

What method of pest control is used least in organic agriculture?

A

Use of pesticides

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9
Q

How many nonnutritive sweeteners have been approved for use by the FDA?

A

8

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10
Q

What is the reason that most studies researching the health effects of fructose are not relevant?

A

They use unrealistic doses of fructose.

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11
Q

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity is best described as which of the following?

A

Food sensitivity

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12
Q

Most clients will obtain their information about GMOs from the internet, television, radio, and which of the following?

A

Friends and family

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13
Q

Which of the following is produced in the lowest quantity during fructose metabolism?

A

Fatty acids

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14
Q

High-fructose corn syrup usually contains what percentage of fructose?

A

55–65%

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15
Q

Wheat allergy is best described as which of the following?

A

Allergic Reaction

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16
Q

Switching from conventional to organic produce significantly reduces biomarkers of pesticide exposure in as little as how many days?

A

5–7 days

17
Q

What is an example of a direct risk of GMO consumption?

A

Expression of allergenic proteins

18
Q

Nonnutritive sweeteners may be associated with weight gain because of what psychological phenomenon?

A

Brain activation patterns

19
Q

Grass-fed or grass-finished cattle are different from organic cattle primarily because of which of the following reasons?

A

Organic cattle eat grains during the end of their life.

20
Q

The average dose of fructose used during controlled trials was greater than the intake of what percentile of Americans?

A

95%

21
Q

Toxins and toxicants accumulate in humans primarily within which of the following?

A

Fat

22
Q

What is the primary difference between conventional and organic agriculture?

A

Pesticide use

23
Q

Increased translocation of microbial products through the intestinal barrier, an immune response toward lipopolysaccharides, and increased intestinal permeabiity all play a roll in the symptoms of which of the following?

A

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity

24
Q

Organic meat and milk, compared to conventional, contains significantly greater concentrations of what nutrient?

A

Omega-3 fatty acids