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D069 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Allogeneic

A

denoting, relating to, or involving tissues or cells that are genetically dissimilar and hence immunologically incompatible, although from individuals of the same species

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2
Q

Anaplasia

A

the loss of the mature or specialized features of a cell or tissue, as in malignant tumors

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3
Q

Autologous

A

(of cells or tissues) obtained from the same individual

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4
Q

Carcinogen

A

a substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue

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5
Q

Carcinoma in situ

A

describe a cancer that is only present in the cells where it started and has not spread to any nearby tissues

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6
Q

Dysplasia

A

the presence of cells of an abnormal type within a tissue, which may signify a stage preceding the development of cancer

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7
Q

En bloc

A

all together or all at the same time

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8
Q

Epithelial

A

relating to or denoting the thin tissue forming the outer layer of a body’s surface and lining the alimentary canal and other hollow structures

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9
Q

Erythema

A

superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches, as a result of injury or irritation causing dilatation of the blood capillaries

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10
Q

Hyperlasia

A

the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells, often as an initial stage in the development of cancer

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11
Q

Leukopenia

A

a reduction in the number of white cells in the blood, typical of various diseases

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12
Q

Leukoplakia

A

mouth lesisons

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13
Q

Mesothelioma

A

a cancer found in the lining surrounding the lungs, the stomach, the heart or the testicles

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14
Q

Metastasis

A

the development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer

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15
Q

Metastasize

A

(of a cancer) spread to other sites in the body by metastasis

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16
Q

Palliative

A

relieving pain without dealing with the cause of the condition

17
Q

Radioisotope

A

a radioactive isotope

18
Q

Reed-Sternberg cell

A

binucleate or multinucleate acidophilic giant cell of B cell origin found in the tissues in Hodgkin’s lymphoma

19
Q

Sarcomas

A

A rare type of cancer that grow in connective tissue like bones, nerves, muscles, tendons, cartilage and blood vessels of the arms and legs

20
Q

Syngeneic

A

genetically similar or identical and hence immunologically compatible, especially so closely related that transplantation does not provoke an immune response

21
Q

Describe neoplasm.

A

An abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide more than they should or do not die when they should

22
Q

Compare benign and malignant tumors.

A

benign - non cancerous

malignant - cancerous

23
Q

Recall death statistics about cancer.

A
  • 2nd leading cause of death
  • accounts for 1 in every 4 deaths
  • 77% all cancers diagnosed at age 55 or older
24
Q

List at least seven possible causes of cancer.

A
  • tobacco use
  • exposure to chemicals
  • sun exposure
  • high fat low fiber diet
  • age
  • genetics
  • depressed immune system
25
Q

Describe the main classifications for cancer.

A

carcinomas - solid tumors of epithelial cells

sarcomas - from supportive and connective tissue

cancers of blood and lymph

26
Q

Recall signs and symptoms of cancer

A
  • weightloss
  • fatigue
  • pain
  • changes in skin color
  • changes in bowel or bladder
  • sores that do not heal
  • white patches in the mouth
27
Q

Discuss how cancer is diagnosed

A
  • CT
  • MRI
  • biopsy
  • tumor markers
28
Q

Identify the grading and staging of cancer and their use.

A

Grade 1: Tumor cells are well differentiated, closely resembling normal parent tissue.

  • Grade 2: Tumor cells are intermediate in appearance, moderately or poorly differentiated.
  • Grade 3: Tumor cells are very abnormal and poorly differentiated.
  • Grade 4: Tumor cells are so anaplastic that recognition of the tumor’s tissue origin is difficult.
29
Q

Discuss six major forms of cancer treatment and their advantages and disadvantages.

A
  • surgery
  • chemotherapy
  • radiation therapy
  • immunotherapy
  • hormonal therapy
  • stem cell and bone marrow transplant
30
Q

Identify at least seven suggestions for cancer prevention.

A
  • no tobacco
  • sun safety
  • eat healthy
  • exercise
  • vaccinated
  • risky practices
  • screening
31
Q

Recall integrative and complementary therapies in cancer treatment.

A
  • yoga
  • acupuncture
  • meditation
  • herbal remedies

D069 (13 decks)

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