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D069 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Alveoli

A

any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange

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2
Q

Apnea

A

a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts

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3
Q

Biotin

A

a vitamin found in foods like eggs, milk, and bananas

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4
Q

Blastomycosis

A

a rare fungal infection usually acquired by breathing in the spores of the fungi

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5
Q

Bleb

A

a small blister on the skin

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6
Q

Clubbing

A

changes in the areas under and around the toenails and fingernails that occur with some disorders

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7
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

A

an infection caused by the fungus

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8
Q

Diaphoresis

A

excessive, abnormal sweating in relation to your environment and activity level

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9
Q

Empyema

A

the collection of pus in a cavity in the body, especially in the pleural cavity

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10
Q

Endophthalmitis

A

severe inflammation of the tissues inside the eye

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11
Q

Exudate

A

a mass of cells and fluid that has seeped out of blood vessels or an organ, especially in inflammation.

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12
Q

Hemoptysis

A

the coughing up of blood

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13
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

an infection caused by a fungus

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14
Q

Hypersomnia

A

the inability to stay awake and alert during the day despite having more than an adequate amount of nighttime sleep

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15
Q

Hypoxia

A

a state in which oxygen is not available in sufficient amounts at the tissue level to maintain adequate homeostasis

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16
Q

Hypoxemia

A

an abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood

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17
Q

Kyphoscoliosis

A

a deviation of the normal curvature of the spine in the sagittal and coronal planes

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18
Q

Malaise

A

a general feeling of discomfort, illness, or uneasiness whose exact cause is difficult to identify

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19
Q

Maxillomandibular advancement

A

the bones of the upper and lower jaw are repositioned to relieve airway obstruction

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20
Q

Nosocomial

A

(of a disease) originating in a hospital

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21
Q

Orthopnea

A

the sensation of breathlessness in the recumbent position, relieved by sitting or standing

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22
Q

Percussion

A

a method of tapping body parts with fingers, hands, or small instruments as part of a physical examination

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23
Q

pH

A

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a fluid

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24
Q

Pleurectomy

A

a type of surgery in which part of the pleura is removed

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25
Q

Polycythemia vera

A

a rare blood disorder in which there is an increase in all blood cells, particularly red blood cells

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26
Q

Postural drainage

A

gravity to drain mucus out of your lungs by changing positions

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27
Q

Pulmonary infarction

A

when some of the lung tissue does not receive enough blood flow and oxygen

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28
Q

Rhonchi

A

low-pitched wheezes or coarse crackles

29
Q

Septic

A

the body’s extreme response to an infection

30
Q

Sputum

A

a mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract

31
Q

Stridor

A

a harsh or grating sound

32
Q

Thoracentesis

A

a procedure to remove fluid or air from around the lungs

33
Q

Thoracotomy

A

a surgical procedure in which a cut is made between the ribs to see and reach the lungs or other organs in the chest or thorax

34
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

a disorder in which your body produces too many platelets

35
Q

Transillumination

A

the shining of a light through a body area or organ to check for abnormalities

36
Q

Transudate

A

a filtrate of blood

37
Q

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

A

surgery to open the upper airways by taking out extra tissue in the throat

38
Q

Recall the signs and symptoms and the treatment of allergic rhinitis

A

nasal congestion, sneezing, and rhinorrhea

39
Q

List the causes of sinusitis and possible complementary therapy

A

pneumococcal, streptococcal, or Haemophilus influenzae bacterial infections

drink plenty of water
inhale steam

40
Q

Name the most common throat disorder and its etiology

A

pharyngitis

caused by any number of bacterial or viral infections

41
Q

Describe the treatment for laryngitis

A

resting the voice

antibiotic therapy as necessary

medication to reduce acid reflux

42
Q

Describe epiglottitis and restate its danger

A

epiglottis covering the windpipe swells and blocks the flow of air into the lungs. It is life-threatening.

43
Q

Identify the cause and the confirming diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis

A

caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

blood test

44
Q

Contrast the three types of pneumonia

A

Lobar pneumonia: affects one or more lobes of the lung

Bronchopneumonia: also known as lobular pneumonia; bacterial form of the disease

Interstitial pneumonia: characterized by progressive scarring of both lungs

45
Q

Recall the etiology of Legionella pneumonia

A

caused by the gram-negative bacillus

46
Q

Describe the two diseases identified in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis

47
Q

Recall the three stages of COPD

A

(1) only mild airflow limitation
(2) progressing airflow limitation, shortness of breath, disease is now chronic
(3) severe airflow limitation and reduced exercise capacity
(4) very severe airflow limitation

48
Q

Discuss the treatment and prognosis for asthma

A
  • avoid substances that trigger
  • controllers and rescuers

good with proper attention and care

49
Q

Describe the conditions under which a lung abscess may occur, where they likely occur, and how they might be prevented

A

Poor oral hygiene, dental infections, and gingivitis

adequate dental care

50
Q

Explain the growth of the tuberculosis bacteria in the lungs

A

a slowly developing bacterial lung infection characterized by progressive necrosis of lung tissue

51
Q

Compare the four pneumoconioses, their treatments, and prognoses

A

silicosis (most common) - cannot be cured/cough suppressants and antibiotics/varies

asbestosis - treat to relieve symptoms/poor prognosis

berylliosis - skin ulcers excised/depends on severity

anthracosis - symptomatic/varies

52
Q

Name the three respiratory mycoses

A

histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and blastomycosis

53
Q

Explain treatment modalities for pneumothorax

A

insert tube for drainage

bed rest

careful monitoring

54
Q

Compare and contrast pneumothorax and atelectasis

A

collection of air or gas vs collapsed lung

55
Q

Define pleurisy and describe its etiology and symptoms

A

inflammation of the visceral (inner) and parietal (outer) pleural membranes that envelop each lung

caused by infection of the pleura by bacteria, fungus, parasites, or viruses

sharp stabbing pain

56
Q

Differentiate between transudate and exudate fluid and how it relates to pleural effusion

A

trans - little or no protein

exedate - rich in protein

57
Q

Identify the diagnostic tests for pulmonary hypertension

A

Doppler or transesophageal echocardiogram, pulmonary function test, perfusion lung scan, CT scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

58
Q

Discuss how pulmonary edema may be a medical emergency

A

alveoli fill with fluid instead of air, preventing oxygen from being absorbed

59
Q

Recall the description and the prognosis of cor pulmonale

A

failure of the right ventricle of the heart

poor

60
Q

Describe the etiology of pulmonary embolism and how it is a complication of hospitalized individuals

A

originates in the pelvic veins or deep lower extremity veins and travels through the circulatory system until it blocks a pulmonary artery

61
Q

Compare and contrast respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis

A

excessive acidity of body fluids attributable to inadequate removal of carbon dioxide

vs

excessive alkalinity of body fluids attributable to the excessive removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) by the lungs

62
Q

Identify the treatment therapies for sleep apnea

A

CPAP

63
Q

Recall the incident statistics for lung cancer

A

1 out of every 14 men and women

64
Q

List the stages of non–small cell lung cancer

A

Stage I: Cancer is confined to the lung.

Stages II and III: Cancer is confined to the chest. Larger and more invasive tumors are stage III.

Stage IV: Cancer has spread from the chest to other parts of the body.

SCLCs are staged using a two-tiered system:

Limited SCLC: Cancer is confined to its area of origin in the chest.

Extensive SCLC: Cancer has spread beyond the chest to other parts of the body.

65
Q

Review the etiology of sudden infant death syndrome

A

unknown, but several possibilities have been suggested, including mechanical suffocation; prolonged apnea; lack of biotin

66
Q

Report the treatment of choice for chronic tonsillitis and adenoid hyperplasia

A

tonsillectomy

adenectomy

67
Q

Restate the symptoms of thrush and those at greatest risk

A

whitish, velvety lesions in the mouth and on the tongue

individuals with poorly fitting dentures, and those receiving chemotherapy treatments. Persons with HIV or AIDS are also susceptible

68
Q

Describe the signs and symptoms of croup

A

hoarseness; fever; a distinctive harsh, brassy, barklike cough; respiratory distress; and persistent stridor during inspiration

69
Q

Recall at least four common symptoms of respiratory diseases and disorders

A

Pain anywhere in the respiratory tract, especially sore throat

  • Cough, productive or nonproductive, chronic or acute
  • Breathing irregularities, such as dyspnea, wheezing, tachypnea, shortness of breath, or rales
  • Hemoptysis or hematemesis

D069 (13 decks)

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