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D069 > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Anovulation

A

happens when an egg (ovum) doesn’t release from your ovary during your menstrual cycle.

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2
Q

Anuria

A

failure of the kidneys to produce urine.

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3
Q

Cervicitis

A

an irritation or infection of the cervix

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4
Q

Chancre

A

a painless ulcer,

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5
Q

Conization

A

A procedure in which a cone-shaped piece of abnormal tissue is removed from the cervix.

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6
Q

Cryoablation

A

A procedure in which an extremely cold liquid or an instrument called a cryoprobe is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue

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7
Q

Dilation and curettage (D&C)

A

is a procedure to remove tissue from inside your uterus

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8
Q

Effacement

A

when the cervix thins, shortens, and softens to open the vaginal canal for childbirth

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9
Q

Epididymis

A

a highly convoluted duct behind the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas deferens

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10
Q

Hysterosalpingography

A

is an X-ray test to outline the internal shape of the uterus and show whether the fallopian tubes are blocked

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11
Q

Leiomyoma

A

benign soft-tissue neoplasms that arise from smooth muscle

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12
Q

Lochia

A

vaginal discharge you have after a vaginal delivery

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13
Q

Meiosis

A

a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes

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14
Q

Menarche

A

the first occurrence of menstruation

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15
Q

Metrorrhea

A

A discharge, especially of mucus or pus, from the uterus

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16
Q

Nystagmus

A

an involuntary rhythmic side-to-side, up and down or circular motion of the eyes

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17
Q

Oogenesis

A

the differentiation of the ovum (egg cell) into a cell competent to further develop when fertilized

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18
Q

Orchiectomy

A

a surgical procedure to remove one or both testicles

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19
Q

Panhysterosalpingo-oophorectomy

A

a type of surgery where the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries are excised from the patient.

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20
Q

Parturition

A

the action of giving birth to young; childbirth.

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21
Q

Primigravida

A

a woman who is pregnant for the first time.

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22
Q

Prostaglandin

A

a group of lipids made at sites of tissue damage or infection that are involved in dealing with injury and illness.

23
Q

Purulent

A

consisting of, containing, or discharging pus.

24
Q

Rhonchus

A

a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partly obstructed.

25
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

a cell differentiation process that ensures the production of fertilizing sperm

26
Q

Teratoma

A

a rare type of germ cell tumor that may contain immature or fully formed tissue, including teeth, hair, bone and muscle

27
Q

Varicocele

A

is an enlargement of the veins within the loose bag of skin that holds the testicles (scrotum)

28
Q

Recall the factors that contribute to infertility.

A

in females include hormonal problems, nutritional deficiencies, infections, tumors, and anomalies of the reproductive organs

In males, persistent infertility may be caused by sperm deficiencies, congenital abnormalities, endocrine imbalances, surgical intervention, and infections and chronic inflammation of the testes, epididymis, or vas deferens.

29
Q

Identify six sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

A 
Gonorrhea
Genital Herpes
HPV 
Syphilis
Trichomoniasis
Chlamydial
30
Q

Compare and contrast the causes of STDs.

A

virus vs bacterial infection

31
Q

Recall prevention strategies for STDs

A

condoms

32
Q

Identify the diseases related to the prostate gland.

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia - enlarged prostate

prostatitis - inflammation of prostrate gland

33
Q

Discuss the complications of prostate-related disorders.

A

UTIs

obstruct urine flow

34
Q

Restate the common causes of epididymitis.

A

as a result of prostatitis, a UTI, tuberculosis, or STDs such as gonorrhea and chlamydia.

35
Q

Describe the treatment for prostatic and testicular cancers.

A 
hormone treatment
medications
cryoablation
radiation
chemo
36
Q

Differentiate premenstrual syndrome (PMS) from premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).

A

minor symptoms
vs
sever symptoms (serotonin)

37
Q

Identify possible causes of amenorrhea.

A

hormonal imbalances

stress

38
Q

Discuss treatment for dysmenorrhea.

A

medication

39
Q

Name the characteristic signs and symptoms of ovarian cysts or tumors.

A

Large cysts may produce pelvic pain, low back pain, and dyspareunia.

40
Q

Identify a primary complication of endometriosis.

A

infertility

41
Q

Recall signs and symptoms of uterine leiomyomas.

A

include pelvic pressure, pain, stress urinary incontinence or urinary frequency, constipation, and menorrhagia

42
Q

Name the causes of pelvic inflammatory disease.

A

infections

43
Q

Discuss complementary therapy for menopause symptoms.

A

calcium

excercise

44
Q

Identify the advantages and disadvantages of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

A

coronary heart disease events, more strokes, serious blood clots, and invasive breast cancers. The benefits the study found were fewer colorectal cancers and fewer hip fractures.

45
Q

Describe ovarian cancer and its signs and symptoms.

A

urinary urgency; pelvic pain; abdominal pressure, fullness, and bloating; persistent indigestion or nausea; unexplained bowel habits; loss of appetite; increased abdominal girth; dyspareunia; lack of energy; low back pain; and changes in menstruation

46
Q

Restate the description of fibrocystic breasts.

A

have palpable lumps or cysts that fluctuate in size with the menstrual cycle.

47
Q

Identify and describe benign fibroadenoma.

A

a benign, well-circumscribed solid tumor of fibrous and glandular breast tissue

48
Q

Recall treatment protocols for breast cancer.

A

surgery
radiation
chemo
hormone therapy

49
Q

Recall the possible causes of spontaneous abortion.

A

a result of defective development of the embryo (chromosomal abnormalities), faulty implantation of the fertilized ovum, placental problems, maternal infections or serious chronic disease, hormonal imbalances, trauma, or an unknown cause.

50
Q

Define ectopic pregnancy.

A

Ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized ovum implants and grows somewhere other than in the uterine cavity.

51
Q

Compare and contrast preeclampsia with eclampsia.

A

Preeclampsia, the nonconvulsive form of PIH, is the initial cluster of symptoms characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria.

Eclampsia, the convulsive form of PIH, is the subsequent group of symptoms characterized by convulsions and coma. Eclampsia is a medical emergency.

52
Q

Compare and contrast placenta previa with abruptio placentae.

A

placenta previa, the placenta is implanted abnormally low in the uterus

Abruptio placentae is the premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall at about the 20th week of gestation.

53
Q

Describe premature rupture of membranes (PROM).

A

is early rupture of the amniotic sac.

54
Q

Recall common symptoms of the reproductive system diseases and disorders.

A

Abdominal pain, tenderness, or cramping

  • Unusual discharge that is pink, red, or brown in color or that is clotted
  • Hypertension, rapid weight gain, edema, and malaise

D069 (13 decks)

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