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D069 > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Antipyretic

A

fever reducer

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2
Q

Ascites

A

a condition in which fluid collects in spaces within your abdomen

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3
Q

Azotemia

A

an elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels

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4
Q

Bacteriuria

A

the presence of bacteria in the urine

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5
Q

Calyx

A

chambers of the kidney through which urine passes

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6
Q

Creatinine

A

a waste product made by your muscles as part of regular, everyday activity

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7
Q

Cystectomy

A

a surgery to remove the urinary bladder

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8
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful urination

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9
Q

Electrolyte

A

minerals in your body that have an electric charge

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10
Q

Hematuria

A

the presence of blood in a person’s urine

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11
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

a potassium level in your blood that’s higher than normal

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12
Q

Hyperlipemia

A

your blood has too many lipids (fats) in it

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13
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

develops from too much activity in one or more parathyroid glands

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14
Q

Hypoalbuminemia

A

a condition where your body doesn’t produce enough albumin protein that’s responsible for keeping fluid in your blood vessels

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15
Q

Incontinence

A

the loss of bladder control

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16
Q

Ischemia

A

an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body

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17
Q

Lipiduria

A

lipids in the urine

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18
Q

Micturition

A

the action of urinating

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19
Q

Nocturia

A

a condition in which you wake up during the night because you have to urinate

20
Q

Oliguria

A

low urine output

21
Q

Pallor

A

an unhealthy pale appearance

22
Q

Proteinuria

A

increased levels of protein in the urine

23
Q

Pyuria

A

he presence of pus in the urine

24
Q

Transurethral resection

A

surgery to remove parts of the prostate gland through the penis

25
Q

Urea

A

chief nitrogenous end product of the metabolic breakdown of proteins

26
Q

Uremia

A

a raised level in the blood of urea and other nitrogenous waste compounds that are normally eliminated by the kidneys

27
Q

Urolith

A

solidified aggregates of mineral and non- mineral crystalloids that form in the urinary tract when urine becomes oversaturated with crystallogenic precursors

28
Q

Explain urinalysis and what it indicates

A

a test of your urine. It’s used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease and diabetes

29
Q

Identify the major diseases of the kidney

A

Chronic kidney disease

Kidney stones

Glomerulonephritis

Polycystic kidney disease

Urinary tract infections

30
Q

Name the most common diagnostic procedures used to detect kidney and kidney-related diseases

A 
renal ultrasound
body CT
MR or CT urography
body MRI
renal scintigraphy or biopsy
31
Q

Describe the prognosis of lower urinary tract infections

A

good

32
Q

Explain why women are more prone than men to urinary tract infections

A

shorter urethra

33
Q

Compare and contrast pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis

A

Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidney that occurs due to urinary tract infections that reach the renal pelvis of the kidney

Glomerulonephritis is the inflammation of tiny blood vessels in the kidney known as glomeruli

34
Q

Recall infectious precursors to kidney-related diseases

A

Escherichia coli (E. coli), Epstein- Barr virus
hepatitis B and C
HIV(AIDS).

35
Q

Discuss the complications of renal calculi

A

perinephric abscess, urosepsis, and death

36
Q

Identify possible treatments for hydronephrosis

A

addressing the underlying disease or cause, such as a kidney stone or infection

37
Q

Describe how acute tubular necrosis occurs

A

often caused by a lack of blood flow and oxygen to the kidney tissues

38
Q

List the characteristics unique to nephrotic syndrome

A

Severe swelling (edema), particularly around your eyes and in your ankles and feet.

Foamy urine, a result of excess protein in your urine.

Weight gain due to fluid retention.

Fatigue.

Loss of appetite.

39
Q

List at least three characteristics common to polycystic kidney disease

A

x

40
Q

Name at least three causes of end-stage renal disease

A 
diabetes
high blood pressure
heart disease
drug abuse
blockages in the urinary tract
41
Q

Discuss kidney transplantation

A

is a surgery done to replace a diseased kidney with a healthy kidney from a donor

42
Q

Distinguish between the three types of kidney dialysis

A

Hemodialysis. Hemodialysis uses a machine called a hemodialyzer to filter waste from the blood. …

Peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis requires surgical placement of an abdominal catheter. …

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)

43
Q

Define neurogenic or overactive bladder

A

when a person lacks bladder control due to brain, spinal cord or nerve problems

44
Q

Recall the major cause of tumors of the bladder

A

smoking

45
Q

Discuss treatment of renal cell or kidney cancer

A

surgery, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these treatments. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are occasionally used

46
Q

List at least four common complaints of the urinary system

A

Any change in normal urinary patterns, such as nocturia, hematuria, pyuria, proteinuria, dysuria, or urgency and frequency

  • Pain in the lumbar region or flank pain, varying from slight tenderness to intense pain
  • Fever
  • Nausea and vomiting or anorexia
  • Malaise, fatigue, and lethargy

D069 (13 decks)

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