Chapter 11

Question 1

Adenoma

Answer 1

noncancerous tumors

Question 2

Alopecia

Answer 2

Hair loss

Question 3

Exophthalmos

Answer 3

bulging or protruding eyeballs

Question 4

Glycogen

Answer 4

a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage

Question 5

Glycosuria

Answer 5

the presence of reducing sugars in the urine

Question 6

Goitrogens

Answer 6

compounds that interfere with the normal function of the thyroid gland

Question 7

Hemoglobin

Answer 7

a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen to your body’s organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide from your organs and tissues back to your lungs

Question 8

Hirsutism

Answer 8

a condition in women that results in excessive growth of dark or coarse hair in a male-like pattern — face, chest and back

Question 9

Hyperglycemia

Answer 9

high blood glucose

Question 10

Hyperkalemia

Answer 10

potassium level in your blood that’s higher than normal

Question 11

Hyperplasia

Answer 11

the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells, often as an initial stage in the development of cancer.

Question 12

Hypoglycemia

Answer 12

a condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than the standard range

Question 13

Iatrogenic

Answer 13

relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment

Question 14

Ketoacidosis

Answer 14

a buildup of acids in your blood

Question 15

Ketones

Answer 15

substances that your body makes if your cells don’t get enough glucose (blood sugar)

Question 16

Paresthesia

Answer 16

a burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet, but can also occur in other parts of the body

Question 17

Polydipsia

Answer 17

abnormally great thirst as a symptom of disease (such as diabetes)

Question 18

Polyphagia

Answer 18

eats excessive amounts of food

Question 19

Polyuria

Answer 19

your body makes more pee than normal

Question 20

Retinopathy

Answer 20

disease of the retina

Question 21

Tetany

Answer 21

a condition marked by intermittent muscular spasms

Question 22

Thyrotoxicosis

Answer 22

a condition in which you have too much thyroid hormone in your body

Question 23

Transsphenoidal

Answer 23

through the sphenoid sinus

Question 24

Vasopressin

Answer 24

a nonapeptide synthesized in the hypothalamus

Question 25

Compare/contrast the endocrine and nervous systems

Answer 25

Nervous System - Electrical impulses are the messengers in the nervous system

Endocrine System - Hormones are the chemical messengers in the endocrine system that target cells through the bloodstream

Question 26

Recall where the nervous system and the endocrine system meet to communicate

Answer 26

the hypothalamus

Question 27

Discuss the importance of the body’s master gland—the pituitary

Answer 27

to produce and release several hormones that help carry out important bodily functions, including:
Growth
Metabolism
Reproduction

Question 28

Describe the two forms of hyperpituitarism

Answer 28

Gigantism

Acromegaly

Question 29

Discuss the etiology and signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism

Answer 29

caused by a pituitary tumor or a tumor of the hypothalamus

Question 30

Describe diabetes insipidus and its classic symptoms.

Answer 30

dwarfism
infertility
low testosterone

Question 31

Recall the cause and diagnosis of simple goiter

Answer 31

insufficient dietary intake of iodine

ingestion of certain foods

hormone levels/ultrasound

Question 32

Describe the possible complications of Graves disease

Answer 32

wasting of muscles
eyeball protruding
inflammation around the eyes

Question 33

Explain the description and treatment for Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Answer 33

is hypothyroidism

replacement therapy
analgesics
anti-inflammatory

Question 34

Recognize the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism

Answer 34

fatigue
constipation
muscle cramps

Question 35

Compare cretinism with myxedema.

Answer 35

cretinism - the undersecretion of hormones by the thyroid gland

myxedema - when acquired later in childhood or adulthood

Question 36

Identify the treatment and prognosis criteria for thyroid cancer.

Answer 36

surgery
radioactive iodine therapy

successful treatment but can return

Question 37

Relate hypercalcemia to hyperparathyroidism and its signs and symptoms

Answer 37

hyper - higher rates of calcium in the blood

hypo - lower rates of calcium in the blood

weak bones vs muscles spasms

Question 38

Review the classic symptoms of Cushing syndrome

Answer 38

is a round “moon-shaped” face, a “buffalo” hump on the upper back

Question 39

Describe an Addisonian crisis.

Answer 39

appears suddenly with severe vomiting and diarrhea leading to dehydration, pain in lower back and abdomen, hypotension, hyperkalemia (high blood levels of potassium), and unconsciousness.

Question 40

Recall the etiology and signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus.

Answer 40

excessive urination, excess drinking and high glucose

Question 41

Compare and contrast type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Answer 41

Type 1 - requires insulin forever

Type 2 - can be reversed through diet

Question 42

Describe the complications of diabetes mellitus.

Answer 42

lower weight, loss of eyesight, unconsciousness

Question 43

Recall the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Answer 43

medication

Question 44

List common symptoms of endocrine diseases and disorders.

Answer 44

Mental abnormalities

• Unusual change in energy level
• Changes in skin, nails, or hair
• Muscle atrophy
• Growth abnormalities
• Polyuria or polydipsia