Chapter 5 Flashcards
Mechanical Stress?
Internal force divided by cross-sectional area of CT structure.
Three types of stress?
Tension, compression, sheer stress.
Tension?
Pulling or stretching.
Compression?
Pushing inward.
Shear stress?
Twisting or oblique force is encountered?
Strain?
Magnitude of deformation that takes place.
Poisson’s ratio?
Ratio of strain in longitudinal to strain in lateral diection.
Elasticity?
CT returning to normal length.
Plasticity?
Permanent partial elongation of CT and does not return to normal length.
5 types of bones?
Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.
Epiphyses?
End of bone.
Diaphysis?
Long region (shaft).
Bone outside to inside?
Periosteum, compact bone, spongy bone, endosteum, medullary cavity.
Collagen?
Protein that gives strength and pliability.
Mechanotransduction?
The transduction of a mechanical into a local cellar signal.
Minimal essential strain?
The smallest amount of strain needed for bone formation.
Types of training to increase bone size?
Multi joint exercises, moderate to high loading, fast velocities, and variation.
Can children participate in RT?
Yes, it will not stunt their growth.
What adapt fastest in RT?
Skeletal muscle then CT.
Tendon stiffness?
Relationship between force put on a tendon and its change in length.
Osteoarthritis?
Degeneration of articular catilage.
Risk factors for Osteoarthritis?
HIgh impart sports (hockey, football, soccer).
Longtime runners do not have an increased risk.
