chapter 49 quiz questions Flashcards
Which of the following is not a function of the ovaries?
A. Production of ova
B. Secretion of estrogen
C. Secretion of cortisol
D. Secretion of progesterone
Secretion of cortisol
What is defined as a mature follicle containing a mature egg?
Graafian follicle
Which of the following secretes estrogen?
A. The uterus
B. Graafian follicle
C. Primary oocyte
D. Fallopian tubes
Graafian follicle
The main advantage of sexual reproduction is that it increases ____________
Genetic variation
What types of reproduction involve the production of an egg? Select all that apply.
Parthenogenesis
Binary fission
Sexual reproduction
Fragmentation
Parthenogenesis and sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction has advantages when_______
Resources are easily available and the environment is stable
In spermatogenesis, what diploid cell divides into two smaller haploid cells?
Primary spermatocyte
In oogenesss, what is the function of a polar body?
To get rid of excess genetic material
What best describes a spermatid?
An immature, haploid sperm cell
They contribute nearly all of the cytoplasm to the offspring
Human eggs
Some of these gametes wait up to 50 years before completing meiosis
Human eggs
They are derived from germ cells
Human sperm; Human eggs
They are surrounded and nourished by follicle cells
Human eggs
They undergo equal cytoplasmic division during meiosis
Human sperm
Their chromosomes are identical to the envomosomes of somatic cells
Neither eggs nor sperm
They contain a specialized secretory vesicle called an acrosome under the plasma membrane
Human sperm
When the egg is not fertilized, the lining of the _______ sheds. This process is referred to as menstruation
Uterus
Which of the following are types of asexual reproduction? Select all that apply.
Fragmentation
Budding
Hermaphroditism
Parthenogenesis
Fragmentation
Budding
Parthenogenesis
Which of the following structures are part of the testes? Select all that apply.
Epididymus
Vas deferens
Seminiferous tubules
Interstitial cells
Interstitial cells
During ejaculation, sperm pass from the vas deferens, to the ejaculatory duct, into the _______, which passes through the penis .
Urethra
Which of the following defeventiates to become a mature sperm?
A spermatid
How many mature sperm are usually formed from each primary spermatocyte?
Four
Oogonia differentiate into _________, which together with the surrounding gramulosa cells make up a follicle
Primary oocytes
The_______ is ejected from the ovary during ovulation, and the part of the follicle remaining in the ovary develops into the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine gland.
Secondary oocyte
In ___________ reproduction
- A single individual gives rise to offspring
- There is no genetic input from another individual
Asexual
In _________ reproduction
- male and female parents produce offspring through the fusion of gametes (egg and sperm) generated by meiosis
Sexual
The parent separates into two or more offspring of approximately equal size example, planarians
Fission
A new individual develops while attached to the parent - offspring may free from the parent, or remain attained to form a colony (hydra)
Budding
Pieces separate from the body of a parent and develop (regenerate) into new individuals (ex: flatworms, annelids, and some echinoderms)
Fragmentation
° some animals produce offspring by development of an egg without fertilization
° because the egg is produced by meiosis in the female parent, the offspring are not genetically identical to the parent or to each other
Parthenogenesis
The formation of male and female gametes
Gametogenesis
Formation of sperms in males
Spermatogenesis
Formation of ova or eggs in females
Oogenesis
Fusion of a haploid sperm and egg during fertilization produces a diploid _______, the first cell of a new individual
Zygote
_________ a cell line that is set aside early in embryonic development and remains distinct from other body cells (somatic cells)
Germ cells
Germ cells are located in specialized gamete - producing organs
Gonads
In _______ reproduction, a single individual gives rise to offspring without fusion of gametes (egg and sperm)
asexual
The offspring therefore are genetically identical to one another and to the parent. In other words, they are genetic clones of the parent and asexual reproduction of this kind is also called
Cional reproduction
Some animals produce offspring by the growth and development of an egg without fertilization, a form of asexual reproduction called ___________
Parthenogenesis
The formation of male and female gametes
Gametogenesis
Gametes in most animals form from _______, a cell line that is set aside early in embryonic development and remains distinct from the other, somatic cells of the body
Germ cells
Mitotic divisions of the germ cells produce spermatogonia in males and ______ in females
Oogonia
The fusion of a haploid sperm and egg duringfertilization restores the diploid number of chromosomes and produces a _____, the first cell of a new individual
Zygote
When the corpus luteum degenerates, menstruation begins due to
A drop in progesterone levels
Ovulation where the maturing egg is released from the follicle is stimulated by an increase in
Lutenizing hormone
The formation of male and female gametes is called fertilization
False
Oogonia differentiate into ___________ which together with the surrounding _________ make up a __________
Oogonia differentiate into primary oocytes, which together with the surrounding granulosa cells make up a follicles
Which of the following are mostly effective methods of contraception?
Condoms
Contraceptive diaphragms
Hormonal contraceptives
Intrauterine devices
How many mature sperm are usually formed from each primary spermatocyte?
Four
