chapter 22 ~ speciation

Question 1

The process of species formation.

Answer 1

Speciation

Question 2

The concept that all individuals of a species share measurable traits that distinguish them from individuals of other species.

Answer 2

Morphological species concept

Question 3

The definition of species based on the ability of populations to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Answer 3

Biological species concept

Question 4

A concept that seeks to delineate species as the smallest group of populations that can be united by shared derived characters.

Answer 4

Phylogenetic species concept

Question 5

A taxonomic subdivision of a species.

Answer 5

Subspecies

Question 6

A species with a geographical distribution that forms a ring around uninhabitable terrain.

Answer 6

Ring species

Question 7

A pattern of smooth variation in a characteristic along a geographical gradient.

Answer 7

Cline

Question 8

A biological characteristic that prevents the gene pools of two species from mixing.

Answer 8

Reproductive isolating mechanisms

Question 9

An organism produced by a mating between parents of different species or subspecies.

Answer 9

Hybrid

Question 10

A reproductive isolating mechanism that acts before the production of a zygote, or fertilized egg.

Answer 10

Prezygotic isolating mechanisms

Question 11

A reproductive isolating mechanism that acts after zygote formation.

Answer 11

Postzygotic isolating mechanisms

Question 12

A prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism in which species that live in the same geographical region occupy different habitats.

Answer 12

Ecological isolation

Question 13

A prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism in which species live in the same habitat but breed at different times of day or different times of year.

Answer 13

Temporal isolation

Question 14

A prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism in which two species do not mate because of differences in courtship behavior; also known as ethological isolation.

Answer 14

Behavioral isolation

Question 15

A prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism caused by differences in the structure of reproductive organs or other body parts.

Answer 15

Mechanical isolation

Question 16

A prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism caused by incompatibility between the sperm of one species and the egg of another; may prevent fertilization.

Answer 16

Gametic isolation

Question 17

A postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanism in which a hybrid individual has a low probability of survival to reproductive age.

Answer 17

Hybrid inviability

Question 18

A postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanism in which hybrid offspring cannot form functional gametes.

Answer 18

Hybrid sterility

Question 19

A postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanism in which hybrids are capable of reproducing, but their offspring have either reduced fertility or reduced viability.

Answer 19

Hybrid breakdown

Question 20

The evolution of reproductive isolating mechanisms between two populations that are geographically separated.

Answer 20

Allopatric speciation

Question 21

A group of closely related species recently descended from a common ancestor.

Answer 21

Species cluster

Question 22

The reestablishment of geographical overlap after a barrier that separated allopatric populations no longer keeps them apart.

Answer 22

Secondary contact

Question 23

Merger of two populations into one after the establishment of secondary contract.

Answer 23

Species fusion

Question 24

A geographical area where the hybrid offspring of two divergent populations or species are common.

Answer 24

Hybrid zones

Question 25

The enhancement of reproductive isolation that had begun to develop while populations were geographically separated.

Answer 25

Reinforcement

Question 26

Speciation that occurs without the geographical isolation of populations.

Answer 26

Sympatric speciation

Question 27

A population of insects that may be reproductively isolated from other populations of the same species as a consequence of their adaptation to feed on a specific host plant species.

Answer 27

Host race

Question 28

The condition of having one or more extra copies of the entire haploid complement of chromosomes.

Answer 28

Polyploidy

Question 29

The genetic condition of having more than two sets of chromosomes from the same parent species.

Answer 29

Autopolyploidy

Question 30

A gamete that contains the same number of chromosomes as a somatic cell.

Answer 30

Unreduced gametes

Question 31

The genetic condition of having two or more complete sets of chromosomes from different parent species.

Answer 31

Allopolyploidy