chapter 48 vidlec part 1

Question 1

a pair of bean shaped like brown to reddish structure which is located to the 12th thoracic vertebra to the 3rd lumbar vertebra

Answer 1

kidney

Question 2

kidney can be found in what vertebra

Answer 2

T12
L3

Question 2

for the production of RBCs and convert vitamin D to its active enzyme form for the absorption of calcium, excretion of waste products of protein metabolism such as the creatinine and urea

Answer 2

erythropoietin

Question 3

waste product from the breakdown of muscle

Answer 3

creatinine

Question 4

waste product from protein breakdown in the liver

Answer 4

urea

Question 5

what organ produces erythropoietin

Answer 5

kidney

Question 6

formerly known as “Acute Kidney Failure”

Answer 6

acute kidney injury

Question 7

Rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys

Answer 7

acute kidney injury

Question 8

in acute kidney injury, _____ or greater increase in serum creatinine above baseline

Answer 8

50%

Question 9

is acute kidney injury, irreversible or reversible?

Answer 9

reversible

Question 10

is chronic kidney disease, irreversible or reversible?

Answer 10

irreversible

Question 11

normal creatinine for female?

Answer 11

88 to 128 ml

Question 12

normal range of urea

Answer 12

7 to 20 ml/min

Question 13

normal creatinine for male?

Answer 13

97 to 137 ml/min

Question 14

normal range of creatinine

Answer 14

7 to 20 mg/dL

Question 15

normal urine output

Answer 15

30 ml/hr or 0.5 ml/kg/hr

Question 16

prerenal, intrarenal, or postrenal?

result of impaired blood flow that leads to HYPOPERFUSION

Answer 16

prerenal

Question 17

prerenal, intrarenal, or postrenal?

inside/actual damage to the kidney tissue

Answer 17

intrarenal

Question 18

prerenal, intrarenal, or postrenal?

caused by medicines, contrast mediums

Answer 18

intarenal

Question 19

prerenal, intrarenal, or postrenal?

obstruction of urine flow; there is a pus in the kidney

Answer 19

postrenal

Question 20

what are the phases of acute injury?

Answer 20

initiation
oliguria
diuresis
recovery

Question 21

what phase of acute injury?

also called onset phase; starts from the initial results and ends with signs and symptoms

Answer 21

initiation

Question 22

what phase of acute injury?

also known as anuric phase; low urine output, hyperkalemia, and edema; watch out for cardiac issues

Answer 22

oliguria

Question 23

what phase of acute injury?

nephrons are on the way to recover; BUN and creatinine are getting normal

Answer 23

diuresis

Question 24

what phase of acute injury?

signal improvement of normal function; duration months to year

Answer 24

recovery

Question 25

Hardening or renal arteries (expected with aging)

Answer 25

nephrosclerosis

Question 26

what is the major cause of CKD

Answer 26

nephrosclerosis