chapter 45 part 2 vidlec

Question 1

general muscle hypertonia, with tremor and spasmodic or uncoordinated contractions occurring with or without efforts to make voluntary movements

Answer 1

tetany

Question 2

‘a sharp tapping over the facial nerve’ just in front of the parotid gland and anterior to the ear causes spasm or twitching of the mouth, nose, and eye

Answer 2

chvostek sign

Question 3

carpopedal spasm is induced by occluding the blood flow to the arm for 3 minutes with a blood pressure cuff

Answer 3

Trousseau sign

Question 4

occurs with extreme elevation of serum calcium levels

Answer 4

hypercalcemic crisis

Question 5

what type of iv fluid should be given to hypercalcemic crisis

Answer 5

isotonic

Question 6

glands that regulates calcium and phosphorus

Answer 6

parathyroid glands

Question 7

if there is an increase in calcium, what will happen in phosphorus

Answer 7

decrease

Question 8

hypocalcemia; hyperphosphatemia

Answer 8

hypoparathyroidism

Question 9

what vitamin deficiency is present in hypoparathyroidism

Answer 9

vitamin D

Question 10

normal level of calcium:

Answer 10

8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL

Question 11

what is the suggested water intake every day?

Answer 11

2000 ml

Question 12

what part of the adrenal gland secretes catecholamine (adrenaline/ epinephrine, norepinephrine)

Answer 12

adrenal medulla

Question 13

what part of the adrenal gland produces/synthesizes steroid hormones

Answer 13

adrenal cortex

Question 14

what are the catecholamines

Answer 14

norepinephrine
epinephrine
adrenaline

Question 15

what are the steroid hormone

Answer 15

glucocorticoids (cortisol)
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
sex hormones (androgen)

Question 16

stress hormone

Answer 16

cortisol

Question 17

what disease:
slim, weight loss, GI disturbances, weakness, changes in distribution of body hair (ALOPECIA), HYPOGLYCEMIA, postural hypotension, BRONZE PIGMENTED SKIN

Answer 17

addison’s disease

Question 18

There is insufficiency in the hormones in the adrenal cortex

Answer 18

addisons disease

Question 19

what is the treatment for addisons

Answer 19

lifelong hormone replacement therapy of cortisones

Question 20

Personality changes, MOON FACE, ↑susceptibility to infection, edema, HYPERglycemia, gynecomastia (male), osteoporosis, purple striae, CENTRAL OBESITY with thin extremities, amenorrhea and hirsutism (female)

Answer 20

cushing syndrome

Question 21

High hormones in the adrenal cortex (cortisol)

Answer 21

cushing syndrome

Question 22

endogenous or exogenous?

tumor

Answer 22

endogenous

Question 23

endogenous or exogenous?

medication

Answer 23

exogenous

Question 24

what is the treatment for cushing

Answer 24

surgery; discontinue reduce corticosteroids medication