Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Chapter 48 - Electrical Signal in Animals > Flashcards

Chapter 48 - Electrical Signal in Animals Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Axon hillock

A

connects end of nerve body to axon

  • place where summation occurs
  • cone shaped
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 types of neurons

A
  1. Sensory neuron : receive sensory information
  2. Interneuron (relay) : CNS, non-myelinated
  3. Motor neuron : transfer to effector cell.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Membrane potential

A

concentration gradient of electrochemical ion across the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Resting potential

A
  • membrane potential of resting cell (non-excitable neuron) that does not send electrical signals
  • 70mV (internal environment of cell is more negative than outside)

-membrane potential maintained by Na+/K+ pump and leaky K+ channel
(3 Na+ moves out, 2K+ moves in)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Action potential

A
  • electrical signal (impulse) that moves along the membrane of the neuron
  • must reach thresh hold (-35mv) before action potential
  • huge change in membrane voltage (caused by depolarization)
  • Na+ channels open - Na+ influx

-all-or-non response - occurs in non-graded depolarization manner
+30mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acetylcholine

A
  • neurotransmitter that is both excitatory and inhibitory

* but in scull contraction, works as an excitatory neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Movement of Na+ and K+

A

2 K+ in

3 Na+ out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Depolarization

A

opens Na+ channels

Na+ moves into the axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Repolarization

A

Opens K+ channels

K+ moves out of axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

sensory neuron

A

cell body in the middle of the neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

interneuron

A

no myelin sheath in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ganglia

A

cluster of neuron’s cell bodies found in PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Myelin sheath

A

made by glial cells

insulates neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Schwann cell

A

type of glial cell in PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

type of glial cell in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

speed of conducting electrical signal

A

1) axon diameter
- bigger the diameter, faster the transmission
2) myelin sheath
- accelerates transmission speed - saltatory conduction

17
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitter

A

Na+ channel receptor

18
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

K+ channel receptor

19
Q

Types of summation

A

1) Temporal summation
- adds postsynaptic potentials that are generated at a single synapse
2) Spatial summation
- adds postsynaptic potentials that are produced simultaneously by different synapses on the same postsynaptic neuron

20
Q

Chemical classes of neurotransmitters

A

1) Acetylcholine
-use inotropic & metabotropic receptor
-acts as excitatory NT in skeletal muscle
-acts as inhibitory NT in brain
2) Amino acids
e.g. GABA (IPSP in brain - causes anxiety), glutamate, glycine
3) Biogenic amines
e.g. Norepinephrine
-synthesized from amino acid
-when working as hormone, produced in adrenal medulla
other examples: dopamine, serotonin
4) Neuropeptides
e.g. Endorphin - natural analgesics
morphine - structural mimics of endorphin
5) Gases
e.g. nitric oxide - causes vasodilation in penis

21
Q

Acetylcholine

A

class of neurotransmitters

  • use inotropic & metabotropic receptor
  • acts as excitatory NT in skeletal muscle
  • acts as inhibitory NT in brain
22
Q

GABA

A

Gamma amino-butyric acid
type of amino acid neurotransmitter
-IPSP in brain - causes anxiety

23
Q

Norepinephrine

A

type of biogenic amine

  • synthesized from amino acid
  • hydrophilic
  • when working as hormone, produced in adrenal medulla
24
Q

Serotonin

A

type of biogenic amine

  • depression
  • treated with Prozac which inhibits reuptake of serotonin
25
Q

Dopamine

A

type of biogenic amine

-lack of dopamine secretion causes Parkinson’s disease

26
Q

Endorphin

A

type of neuropeptide

27
Q

Morphine

A

type of neuropeptide

-structural mimic of endorphin

28
Q

Nitric oxide

A

type of gas neurotransmitter

-causes vasodilation of penis

29
Q

Sarin

A

nervous toxic gas

  • noncompetitive inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase (which breaks down EACh)
  • this causes irreversible inhibition of EACh breakdown
  • causes paralysis
30
Q

Botulism

A

food poisoning

  • inhibits release of EACh that produces EPSP in skeletal muscle
  • botox

Biology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions