Chapter 1 - Biology and It's Themes (Done)

Question 1

7 properties of living organism

Answer 1

RINGER CELL
R: regulation
I: irritability
N: nutrition
G: growth & development
E: excretion
R: reproduction

Cell

Question 2

5 unifying themes

Answer 2

1. Organization theme
2. Information theme
3. Energy and matter theme
4. Interaction theme
5. Evolution theme

Question 3

Example of negative feedback

Answer 3

glucose/glycogen regulation through glucagon/insulin

Question 4

Example of positive feedback

Answer 4

Labor, blood clotting, breast feeding

Question 5

Example of Unity of organisms

Answer 5

Universality of the genetic codon,
9+2 structure in all cilia

Question 6

Example of diversity of organisms

Answer 6

Cilia used for sweeping mucus in trachea,
Cilia used for locomotion in paramecium

Question 7

LUCA

Answer 7

Last Universal Common Ancestor

Question 8

Evolution and adaptation on an individual vs. population scale

Answer 8

Individual scale - causes difference in survival rate
Population scale - causes changes in allele frequency

Question 9

3 types of cytoskeleton

Answer 9

1) microtubule
2) intermediate filament
3) microfilament

Question 10

Normal blood levels

Answer 10

< 100mg/dL when fasting
< 140mg/dL within 2 hours of eating

Question 11

Number of cells in our body

Answer 11

Adult - 60 trillion cells
Developing children - 10~20 trillion cells

Question 12

Hierarchical organization of matter and living organisms

Answer 12

Atom - Element - Molecule - Macromolecule
Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ system - Organism
Population - Community - Ecosystem - Biosphere (Earth)

Question 13

4 types of tissues

Answer 13

1) Epithelial
2) Connective
3) Muscular
4) Nerve

Question 14

Ecosystem

Answer 14

• Abiotic + biotic elements
• independently sustainable system

Question 15

Convergent evolution

Answer 15

example: streamlined body of tuna, penguin, seal to overcome dense seawater

Question 16

Divergent evolution

Answer 16

example: Darwin’s finches of the Galapagos, beak size different according to what they eat

Question 17

Positive feedback

Answer 17

amplification

Question 18

Negative feedback

Answer 18

slowing down/counteraction

Question 19

Adaptive radiation

Answer 19

diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches

Question 20

Taxonomical hierarchy

Answer 20

Domain - Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species

Question 21

3 domains

Answer 21

1) Eubacteria
2) Archaea
3) Eukarya

Question 22

Protoctist

Answer 22

• Domain eukarya
• algae and seaweed
• unicellular and multicellular

Question 23

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