Chapter 47 - Animal Defense Against Infection

Question 1

innate immunity

Answer 1

• all animal has it
• rapid immune response
• use small set of antigen receptors
• non specific immunity

: can be classifed into Barrier defense & Internal defense

Barrier defense = skin, mocous membrane

Internal defense = cell mediated, peptide based, inflammation.

Question 2

adaptive immunity

Answer 2

• slow immunce response
• very specific
• use vast array of antigen receptors

: can be classfied into Humoral response & Cell mediated response

Humoral = fluid defense, use B-cell (produce antibodies)

Cell mediated = cell defense, T_c-cell against infection in body cell

Question 3

MHC 1 & MHC 2

Answer 3

MHC 1 : Major Histocompatability Complex 1

• antigen presenting complex, which every cell has.

cytotoxic T cell recognize the MHC-1 of infected and acts.

MHC 2 : Major Histocompatability Complex 2

• antigen presenting complex of antigen itself.

Question 4

B-lymphocyte

Answer 4

B-cell is a major lymphocyte on the humoral immune system.

• plasma cell (active form of B-cell) produces antibody.
• produced antibody can binds both circulating antigen and presented antigen.
• produce in bone marrow
• is matured in bone marrow

Question 5

T-lymphocyte

Answer 5

major lymphocyte of celluar immune system

• made in bone marrow
• matured in thymus
• T cell antigen receptor binds to only presented antigen (produced by antigen presenting process)
• Helper T cell activates both (B cell & cytotoxic T cell)

: T_H-cell use CD-4 to recognized MHC-2 of antigen presenting cell.

• Cytotoxic T cell, kills antigen presented cell. (with perforin & granzyme)

: T_c-cell use CD-8 to recognized MHC-1 of antigen presneting cell.

Question 6

classification of acquired immunity

Answer 6

acquired immunity, is an immunity you develop during life.

• active immunity : use adaptive immunity (memory cell)
• passive immunity : use only antibody (no immunological memory)

Question 7

ABO blood type

Answer 7

type A : pocesses antigen A & antibody B

type B : pocesses antigen B & antibody A

type AB : has both antigen AB & no antibody

type O : has no antigen & has both A,B antibobies

Question 8

allergy

Answer 8

• overacting of inflammatoin.
• antibody IgE & mast cell (secretes histamine) is responsible for inflammation.

: IgE binds to mast cell -> mast cell burst -> release histmine ->

-> blood vessel dilation.

: macrophage release cytokine (interleukin) -> increase the local blood flow and attracts other immune cells.

Question 9

lysogenic and lytic cycle of virus

Answer 9

• Lysogenic cycle : virus replicate them selves in host cell.
• Lytic cycle : virus burst the host cell and get out from host cell.

Question 10

examples of DNA virus

Answer 10

• papilloma virus
• hepatitis B
• adeno virus (normal flu)
• herpes
• cervix cancer
• small pox & chicken pox
• varicella

Question 11

example of RNA virus

Answer 11

• HIV virus (causing AIDS)
• SARS
• Ebola (치사율 가장 높음)
• Corona
• Rota virus
• Hepatitis A&C
• Polio virus

Question 12

immonological diversity of adaptive immunity

Answer 12

• gene arrangement of variable region (V-region) of antibody.

Question 13

colonal selection

Answer 13

• selected B-cell proliferates, some becomes plasma cell and some becomes memory cell (used in future when it accounters the same antigen)

Question 14

autoimmune disease

Answer 14

• defect in self-recognition of immune cells.
• immune cells attack its own cell. (recognize it as a antigen)

Question 15

3 functions of antibody

Answer 15

• opsonization : mark pathogentic cell for destruction.

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