Chapter 4 vocab/reading

Question 1

anxiety

Answer 1

mood state characterized by marked negative affect and bodily symptoms of tension in which a person apprehensively anticipates future danger or misfortune. Anxiety may involve feelings, behaviors, and physiological responses.

Question 2

fear

Answer 2

emotion of an immediate alarm reaction to present danger or life-threatening emergencies

Question 3

panic

Answer 3

sudden overwhelming fright or terror

Question 4

panic attack

Answer 4

abrupt experience of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by several physical symptoms such as dizziness or heart palpitations and/or catastrophic thoughts, such as fear of dying.

Question 5

behavioral inhibition system (BIS)

Answer 5

brain circuit in the limbic system that responds to threat signals by inhibiting activity and causing anxiety.

when activated, our tendency is to freeze, experience anxiety and apprehensively evaluate the situation to confirm danger is present.

Question 6

fight/flight system (FFS)

Answer 6

brain circuit in animals that when stimulated causes an immediate alarm-and-escape response resembling human panic

Question 7

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 7

anxiety disorder characterized by intense, uncontrollable unfocused chronic and continuous worry that is distressing and unproductive, accompanied by physical symptoms such as tension, irritability, and restlessness

Question 8

panic disorder (PD)

Answer 8

recurrent, unexpected panic attacks accompanied by anxiety about future attacks

Question 9

agoraphobia

Answer 9

anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult in the event of panic-like symptoms or other unpleasant physical symptoms

Question 10

panic control treatment (PCT)

Answer 10

Cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic attacks, involving gradual exposure to feared somatic sensations and modification of perceptions and attitudes about them.

Question 11

specific phobia

Answer 11

unreasonable fear of a specific object or situation that causes significant distress or markedly interferes with daily life functioning

Question 12

blood-injection-injury phobia

Answer 12

unreasonable fear and avoidance of exposure to blood, injury, or the possibility of an injection. victims experience fainting and a drop in blood pressure

Question 13

situational phobia

Answer 13

anxiety involving enclosed spaces (for example, claustrophobia) or public transportation (for example, fear of flying)

Question 14

natural environment phobia

Answer 14

fear of situations or events in nature, especially heights, storms, and water

Question 15

animal phobia

Answer 15

unreasonable, enduring fear of animals or insects that usually develops early in life.

Question 16

separation anxiety disorder

Answer 16

excessive, enduring fear about being apart from caregiving loved ones such as a spouse or parent

Question 17

social anxiety disorder (social phobia)

Answer 17

extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of social or performance situations.

Question 18

selective mutism

Answer 18

developmental disorder characterized by a consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other situations

Question 19

trauma- and stressor-related disorders

Answer 19

a group of mental disorders distinguished by their origin in stressful events (e.g., traumatic experience, major life stressor, childhood neglect)

Question 20

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 20

enduring, distressing emotional disorder that follows exposure to a traumatic event. the victim reexperiences the trauma, avoids stimuli associated with it, and develops a numbing of responsiveness and an increased vigilance and arousal

Question 21

acute stress disorder

Answer 21

severe reaction immediately following a traumatic event, often including amnesia about the event, emotional numbing, and derealization. many victims later develop PTSD

Question 22

adjustment disorders

Answer 22

prolonged negative emotional reaction following a major life stressor (e.g. divorce, moving, new job)

Question 23

attachment disorders

Answer 23

childhood mental disorders characterized by difficulty forming normal relationships, usually as a result of inadequate caregiving relationships.

Question 24

reactive attachment disoder

Answer 24

in children, a pattern of inhibited, withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers

Question 25

disinhibited social engagement disorder

Answer 25

in children, a pattern of abnormally extroverted behavior toward unfamiliar adults

Question 26

obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

Answer 26

a group of mental disorders characterized by compulsive behaviors, often functioning to relieve anxiety or distress

Question 27

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 27

anxiety disorder involving unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses, as well as repetitive actions intended to suppress them.

Question 28

obsessions

Answer 28

recurrent, intrusive and distressing thoughts or impulses (e.g. doubting, fears of contamination, unwanted sexual impulses) that may be neutralized by compulsive behaviors

Question 29

compulsions

Answer 29

repetitive, ritualistic, time-consuming behavior or mental act a person feels driven to perform, often in response to obsessive thoughts

Question 30

body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)

Answer 30

mental disorder featuring a disruptive preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance (“imagined ugliness”)

Question 31

trichotillomania

Answer 31

mental disorder characterized by recurrent pulling out of one’s own hair from anywhere on the body, including the scalp, eyebrows, and limbs

Question 32

excoriation

Answer 32

mental disorder characterized by recurrent picking of one’s own skin