Chapter 4 vocab/reading Flashcards
anxiety
mood state characterized by marked negative affect and bodily symptoms of tension in which a person apprehensively anticipates future danger or misfortune. Anxiety may involve feelings, behaviors, and physiological responses.
fear
emotion of an immediate alarm reaction to present danger or life-threatening emergencies
panic
sudden overwhelming fright or terror
panic attack
abrupt experience of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by several physical symptoms such as dizziness or heart palpitations and/or catastrophic thoughts, such as fear of dying.
behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
brain circuit in the limbic system that responds to threat signals by inhibiting activity and causing anxiety.
when activated, our tendency is to freeze, experience anxiety and apprehensively evaluate the situation to confirm danger is present.
fight/flight system (FFS)
brain circuit in animals that when stimulated causes an immediate alarm-and-escape response resembling human panic
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
anxiety disorder characterized by intense, uncontrollable unfocused chronic and continuous worry that is distressing and unproductive, accompanied by physical symptoms such as tension, irritability, and restlessness
panic disorder (PD)
recurrent, unexpected panic attacks accompanied by anxiety about future attacks
agoraphobia
anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult in the event of panic-like symptoms or other unpleasant physical symptoms
panic control treatment (PCT)
Cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic attacks, involving gradual exposure to feared somatic sensations and modification of perceptions and attitudes about them.
specific phobia
unreasonable fear of a specific object or situation that causes significant distress or markedly interferes with daily life functioning
blood-injection-injury phobia
unreasonable fear and avoidance of exposure to blood, injury, or the possibility of an injection. victims experience fainting and a drop in blood pressure
situational phobia
anxiety involving enclosed spaces (for example, claustrophobia) or public transportation (for example, fear of flying)
natural environment phobia
fear of situations or events in nature, especially heights, storms, and water
animal phobia
unreasonable, enduring fear of animals or insects that usually develops early in life.
separation anxiety disorder
excessive, enduring fear about being apart from caregiving loved ones such as a spouse or parent
social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of social or performance situations.
selective mutism
developmental disorder characterized by a consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other situations
trauma- and stressor-related disorders
a group of mental disorders distinguished by their origin in stressful events (e.g., traumatic experience, major life stressor, childhood neglect)
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
enduring, distressing emotional disorder that follows exposure to a traumatic event. the victim reexperiences the trauma, avoids stimuli associated with it, and develops a numbing of responsiveness and an increased vigilance and arousal
acute stress disorder
severe reaction immediately following a traumatic event, often including amnesia about the event, emotional numbing, and derealization. many victims later develop PTSD
adjustment disorders
prolonged negative emotional reaction following a major life stressor (e.g. divorce, moving, new job)
attachment disorders
childhood mental disorders characterized by difficulty forming normal relationships, usually as a result of inadequate caregiving relationships.
reactive attachment disoder
in children, a pattern of inhibited, withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers
disinhibited social engagement disorder
in children, a pattern of abnormally extroverted behavior toward unfamiliar adults
obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
a group of mental disorders characterized by compulsive behaviors, often functioning to relieve anxiety or distress
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
anxiety disorder involving unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses, as well as repetitive actions intended to suppress them.
obsessions
recurrent, intrusive and distressing thoughts or impulses (e.g. doubting, fears of contamination, unwanted sexual impulses) that may be neutralized by compulsive behaviors
compulsions
repetitive, ritualistic, time-consuming behavior or mental act a person feels driven to perform, often in response to obsessive thoughts
body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)
mental disorder featuring a disruptive preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance (“imagined ugliness”)
trichotillomania
mental disorder characterized by recurrent pulling out of one’s own hair from anywhere on the body, including the scalp, eyebrows, and limbs
excoriation
mental disorder characterized by recurrent picking of one’s own skin
