Chapter 12 vocab/reading Flashcards
schizophrenia
a devastating psychotic disorder that may involve characteristic disturbances in thinking (delusions), perception (hallucinations), speech, emotions, and behavior
Schizophrenia affects #___ of every 100 people at some point in their lives
1 of 100
catatonia
a disorder of movement involving immobility or excited agitation
hebephrenia
a silly and immature emotionality, a characteristic of some types of schizophrenia
paranoia
people’s irrational beliefs that they are especially important (delusions of grandeur) or that other people are seeking to do them harm
dementia praecox
the Latin term meaning premature loss of mind; an early label for what is now called schizophrenia, emphasizing the disorder’s frequent appearance during adolescence.
associative splitting
a separation among basic functions of human personality (e.g. cognition, emotion, and perception) seen by some as the defining characteristic of schizophrenia
psychotic behavior
a severe psychological disorder category characterized by hallucinations and loss of contact with reality
positive symptom
a more overt symptom such as delusion or hallucination displayed by some people with schizophrenia
delusion
a psychotic symptom involving disorder of thought content and presence of strong beliefs that are misrepresentations of reality
negative symptom
a less outgoing symptoms such as flat affect or poverty of speech, displayed by some people with schizoprenia
avolition
an inability to initiate or persist in important activities. also known as apathy
alogia
a deficiency in the amount or content of speech
anhedonia
an inability to experience pleasure, associated with some mood and SZ disorders
flat affect
an apparently emotionless demeanor (including toneless speech and vacant gaze) when a reaction would be expected
disorganized speech
a style of talking often seen in people with SZ involving incoherence and a lack of typical logic patterns
schizophreniform disorder
a psychotic disorder involving the symptoms of SZ but lasting less than 6 months
shared psychotic disorder (folie à deux)
a psychotic disturbance in which individuals develop a delusion similar to that of a person with whom they share a close relationship
substance-induced psychotic DO
the presence of hallucinations and/or delusions resulting from the ingesting or withdrawal from psychoactive substances or medications
attenuated psychosis syndrome
a diagnosis under study that would be given to a person who is beginning to experience one or more of the symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations or delusions, but is aware that these are unusual experiences
brief psychotic disorder
a psychotic disturbance involving delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech or behavior but lasting less than 1 month; often occurs in reaction to a stressor
prodromal stage
period of 1-2 years before serious symptoms of schizophrenia occur but when less severe yet unusual behaviors start to appear
schizotypal personality disorder
a cluster A (odd or eccentric) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of interpersonal deficits featuring acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships, as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior.
double bind communication
according to an obsolete, unsupported theory, the practice of transmitting conflicting messages that was thought to cause schizophrenia
expressed emotion (EE)
hostility, criticism, and over-involvement demonstrated by some families toward a family member with a psychological disorder. This can often contribute to a person’s relapse
token economy
a social learning behavior modification system in which individuals earn items they can exchange for desired rewards by displaying appropriate behaviors
Broca’s area deals with
speech
Wernicke’s area deals with
hearing
what observations with SPECT machine for schizophrenia
Broca’s area was active.
Observation supports the metacognition theory (that people who are hallucinating are not hearing the voices of others but are listening to their own thoughts or their own voices and cannot recognize the difference).
metacognition theory
that people who are hallucinating are not hearing the voices of others but are listening to their own thoughts or their own voices and cannot recognize the difference
loose association / derailment
changing the topic of the conversation to unrelated areas
erotomanic type of delusion
the irrational belief that one is loved by another person, usually of a higher status
i.e. some individuals who stalk celebrities appear to have this
Typical onset of delusional disorder
between 35 and 55 years
de novo mutation
A genetic alteration that is present for the first time in one family member as a result of a variant (or mutation) in a germ cell (egg or sperm) of one of the parents, or a variant that arises in the fertilized egg itself during early embryogenesis.
retrospective
after-the-fact reports, collected after the person showed signs of schizophrenia.
Are these reports biased?
