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Abnormal Psychology PSYCH303 > Chapter 1 vocab/reading > Flashcards

Chapter 1 vocab/reading Flashcards

1
Q

Ego psychology

A

Psychoanalytic theory that emphasizes the role of the ego in development and attributes psychological disorders to failure of the ego to manage impulses and internal conflicts. Also known as self-psychology

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2
Q

Psychological disorder

A

Psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impairment in functioning that is not a typical or culturally expected response

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3
Q

Phobia

A

Psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an object or situation

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4
Q

Abnormal behavior

A

actions that are unexpected and often evaluated negatively because they differ from typical or usual behavior

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5
Q

Psychopathology

A

Scientific study of psychological disorders

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6
Q

scientist-practitioner

A

mental health professional expected to apply scientific methods to his or her work. a scientist-practitioner must know the latest research on diagnosis and treatment, must evaluate his or her methods for effectiveness and may generate research to discover information about disorders and their treatment

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7
Q

presenting problem

A

original complaint reported by the client to the therapist. the actual treated problem may be a modification derived from the presenting problem

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8
Q

clinical description

A

details of the combination of behaviors, thoughts and feelings of an individual that make up a particular disorder

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9
Q

prevalence

A

number of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time (compare with incidence)

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10
Q

incidence

A

number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific period (compare with prevalence)

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11
Q

course

A

Pattern of development and change of a disorder over time

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12
Q

prognosis

A

predicted development of a disorder over time

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13
Q

etiology

A

cause or source of a disorder

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14
Q

exorcism

A

religious ritual that attributes disordered behavior to possession by demons and seeks to treat the individual by driving the demons from the body

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15
Q

psychosocial treatment

A

treatment practices that focus on social and cultural factors (such as family experience) as well as psychological influences. These approaches include cognitive, behavioral and interpersonal methods.

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16
Q

Moral therapy

A

psychosocial approach in the 19th century that involved treating patients as normally as possible in normal environments.

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17
Q

mental hygiene movement

A

Mid-19th-century effort to improve care of the mentally disordered by informing the public of their mistreatment

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18
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

assessment and therapy pioneered by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes exploration of, and insight into, unconscious processes and conflicts

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19
Q

Behaviorism

A

Explanation of human behavior, including dysfunction, based on principles of learning and adaption derived from experimental psychology.

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20
Q

unconscious

A

part of the psychic makeup that is outside the awareness of the person

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21
Q

catharsis

A

rapid or sudden release of emotional tension thought to be an important factor in psychoanalytic therapy.

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22
Q

psychoanalytic model

A

complex and comprehensive theorty originally advanced by Sigmund Freud that seeks to account for the development and structure of personality, as well as the origin of abnormal behavior, based primarily on inferred inner entities and forces

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23
Q

id

A

in psychoanalysis, the unconscious psychic entity present at birth representing basic drives.

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24
Q

ego

A

in psychoanalysis, the psychic entity responsible for finding realistic and practical ways to satisfy id drives

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25
superego
in psychoanalysis, the psychic entity representing the internalized moral standards of parents and society
26
intrapsychic conflicts
in psychoanalytic theory, a struggle among the id, ego and superego
27
defense mechanism
common pattern of behavior, often an adaptive coping style when it occurs in moderation, observed in response to a particular situation. psychoanalytic theory suggest that defense mechanisms are unconscious processes originating in the ego.
28
psychosexual stages of development
psychoanalytic concept of the sequence of phases a person passes through during development. each stage is named for the location on the body where id gratification is maximal at that time.
29
castration anxiety
in psychoanalysis, the fear in young boys that they will be mutilated genitally because of their lust for their mothers.
30
neurosis (neuroses plural)
obsolete psychodynamic term for a psychological disorder thought to result from an unconscious conflict and the anxiety it causes
31
self-psychology
also known as ego psychology
32
object relations
modern development in psychodynamic theory involving the study of how children incorporate the memories and values of people who are close and important to them.
33
collective unconscious
accumulated wisdom of a culture collected and remembered across generations, a psychodynamic concept introduced by Carl Jung
34
free association
Psychoanalytic therapy technique intended to explore threatening material repressed into the unconscious. The patient is instructed to say whatever comes to mind without censoring.
35
dream analysis
psychoanalytic therapy method in which dream content is examined as symbolic of id impulses and intrapsychic conflicts
36
psychoanalyst
therapist who practices psychoanalysis after earning either an MD or a PhD degree and receiving additional specialized postdoctoral training.
37
transference
psychoanalytic concept suggesting that clients may seek to relate to the therapist as they do to important authority figures, particularly their parents.
38
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
contemporary version of psychoanalysis that still emphasizes unconscious processes and conflicts but is briefer and more focused on specific problems
39
self-actualizing
process emphasized in humanistic psychology in which people strive to achieve their highest potential against difficult life experiences
40
person-centered therapy
therapy method in which the client, rather than the counselor, primarily directs the course of discussion, seeking self-discovery and self-responsiblity
41
unconditional positive regard
acceptance by the counselor of the client's feelings and actions without judgement or condemnation.
42
behavioral model
explanation of human behavior, including dysfunction, based on principles of learning and adaptation derived from experimental psychology.
43
classical conditioning
fundamental learning process first described by Ivan Pavlov. An event that automatically elicits a response is paired with another stimulus event that does not (a neutral stimulus). After repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that by itself can elicit the desired response.
44
extinction
learning process in which a response maintained by reinforcement in operant conditioning or pairing in classical conditioning decreases when that reinforcement or pairing is removed; also the procedure of removing that reinforcement or pairing.
45
introspection
early, nonscientific approach to the study of psychology involving systematic attempts to report thoughts and feelings that specific stimuli evoked.
46
systematic desensitization
behavioral therapy technique to diminish excessive fears, involving gradual exposure to the feared stimulus paired with positive coping experience, usually relaxation
47
behavior therapy
array of therapeutic methods based on the principles of behavioral and cognitive science as well as principles of learning as applied to clinical problems. it considers specific behaviors rather than inferred conflicts as legitimate targets for change.
48
reinforcement
in operant conditioning, consequences for behavior that strengthen it or increase its frequency. Positive reinforcement involves the contingent delivery of a desired consequence. Negative reinforcement is the contingent escape from an adverse consequence. Unwanted behaviors may result from reinforcement of those behaviors or the failure to reinforce desired behaviors.
49
shaping
in operant conditioning, the development of a new response by reinforcing successively more similar versions of that response. both desirable and undesirable behaviors may be learned in this manner.
50
Chronic course
Tend to last a long time (schizophrenia)
51
Episodic course
Individual is likely to recover within a few months only to suffer a recurrence of the disorder at a later time
52
Time-limited course
The individual will improve without treatment in a relatively short period
53
Acute onset
Disorders that begin suddenly
54
Insidious onset
Disorders that develop gradually over an extended period
55
Developmental psychology vs developmental psychopathology
Psychology - study of changes in behavior over time Psychopathology - study of changes in abnormal behavior
56
Life span developmental psychopathology
Study of abnormal behavior across the entire age span
57
Psychopathology- effect and cause
It’s effect does not necessarily imply the cause.
58
Mass hysteria
Explained by emotion contagion in which the experience of an emotion seems to spread to those around us.
59
blood-injection-injury phobia
``` Behavioral influences Biological influences Emotional influences Social influences Developmental influences ```
60
Psychosis
Beliefs that are not based on reality (delusions)
61
Hallucinations
Perceptions that are not based in reality
62
General paresis
Syphilis Consistent symptoms (presentation) and a consistent course that resulted in death
63
Insight (psychoanalytic theory)
A fuller understanding of the relationship between current emotions and earlier events
64
Energy or drive within the id
Libido
65
Thanatos
Death instinct - less important source of energy
66
Pleasure principle
Principle the id operates under
67
Primary process
The id own characteristic way of processing info: emotional, irrational, illogical, filled w fantasies, preoccupied with sex, aggression, selfishness and envy.
68
Reality principle
Principle ego operates under
69
Secondary process
Thinking styles of the ego: logic and reason.
70
Inferiority complex
Adler’s concept | Striving for superiority.
71
Mature stage
Erickson Individuals review their lives, experience in both satisfaction at having completed goals and despair at having failed at others
72
Countertransferance
Therapists project some of their own personal issues and feelings, usually positive, on to the patient.
73
Symptom substitution (psychoanalytic)
eliminating a phobia or to depressive episode would be of little use unless the underlying conflict was dealt with adequately, because another set of symptoms would almost certainly emerge
74
Therapeutic alliance
Relationship of the therapist and the patient
75
polygenic
influenced by many genes, each contributing only a tiny effect all of which in turn may be influenced by the environment.
76
Quantitative genetics
sums up all the tiny effects across many genes without necessarily telling us which genes are responsible for which effects
77
Molecular genetics
focuses on examining the actual structure of genes with advanced technologies such as DNA microarrays (technologies allow scientists to analyze thousands of genes at once)
78
diathesis
inherited tendency, a condition that makes someone susceptible to developing a disorder
79
CHEMICAL TRANSPORTER
AFFECTS THE TRANSMISSION OF SEROTONIN IN THE BRAIN.
80
central nervous system
includes brain and spinal cord
81
peripheral nervous system PNS
somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
82
dendrite
one kind of branch on neuron has receptors that receive messages in the form of chemical impulses from other nerve cells, which are converted into electrical impulses
83
axon
other kind of branch on neuron transmits impulses to other neurons
84
glia
> outnumber neurons by 10 to 1 | > play active roles in neural activity, some serve to modulate neurotransmitter activity.

Abnormal Psychology PSYCH303 (23 decks)

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