Chapter 3 in class notes Flashcards
Assessing psychological disorders (DOs)
- Clinical assessment
- Diagnosis
- Systematic evaluation
- organized
- structured
- consistent across people and time - Process of determining if someone meets DSM-5 criteria for a disorder.
Interrater reliability
[Key concepts in assessment]
2 different people give same person an assessment - should have same scores
Test-retest reliability
[Key concepts in assessment]
for evaluations or assessments - do not expect to change. Score should be relatively the same. (i.e. IQ shouldn’t change between 20 and 40 years old)
Validity - Q
[Key concepts in assessment]
is it measuring what it’s supposed to measure?
Concurrent validity
two measures measuring the same thing - will they measure the same?
Predictive validity
Depression scale and the client measures 24/30. Other people at 24/30 are suicidal - can I predict that the client is suicidal since they also measured 24/30?
Will you be comparable to others that also scored that?
Content validity
Based on experts. When I look at content of your measure - items - based on my experience it looks like this ___.
Standardization
norms and consistency
Clinical Interview Steps
1) Gather information (verbal)
2) Mental Health Exam
3) Semistructured clinical interviews
Gathering information
> Historical and current
Family and individual
Major events in life - divorce, having child, job changes (changing schools for kids)
Mental health exam
Systematic observation of a person (nonverbal)
Sensorium
Clinician uses senses to observe whats happening to client.
> smell - hygiene
> dress - is it weather appropriate? put together outfit/make sense? are buttons aligned? Dress with sweatpants under?
> Do they answer directly? How long does it take them to respond?
Semistructured clinical interviews
- Partially structured
* Broad questions - allowing clinician’s discretion for follow up questions.
Physical exams
blood work, thyroid test (hypothyroid for a person will look like depression)
Behavioral assessments
direct observation more than verbal.
ABCs of observation
Antecedent - behavior - Consequence
Antecedent - trigger
Behavior - reinforced or punished?
Consequence of behavior
Self-monitoring
have clients see how often they engage in behavior.
Self monitoring reactivity
just by having someone track the behavior - the behavior will increase or decrease
Psychological Testing
Specific tools to determine cognitive, emotional or behavioral responses possibly associated with a specific disorder
Built into many psychological tests are ways to detect if
client is faking good or faking bad
> Fake good - self preservation, family put them into assessment
Fake bad - plea insanity, want medication, attention, disability
Projective Testing - based in
Freud psychodynamic - projecting into unconscious
Projective Testing
> Access unconscious
Controversial
Rorschach inkblot
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Rorschach Inkblot
10 inkblots presented and asked “what might this be?”
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
31 cards (don't administer all) Use of ambiguous stimuli and people will project their own personalities, biases and unconscious fears and experiences onto the stimuli.
Presented a card - [i.e. a boy is sitting at a table looking at a violin that’s been placed in front of him] - tell therapist a story based on the picture - how much they project or put into the card.
