Chapter 13 vocab/reading Flashcards
neurodevelopmental disorders
a group of conditions manifested early in development that are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning
Tourette’s disorder
developmental disorder featuring multiple dysfunctional motor and vocal tics
ADHD
developmental disorder featuring maladaptive levels of inattention, excessive activity and impulsiveness
copy number variants
mutations that either create extra copies of a gene on one chromosome or result in the deletion of genes
specific learning disorder
academic performance that is substantially below what would be expected given the person’s age, intelligence quotient (IQ) score, and education
childhood-onset speech fluency disorder (stuttering)
disturbance in the fluency and time patterning of speech (for example, sound and syllable repetitions or prolongations)
language disorder
persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language due to deficits in comprehension or production
Rett syndrome
progressive neurological developmental disorder featuring constant hand-wringing, intellectual disability, and impaired motor skills
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
childhood disintegrative disorder
pervasive developmental disorder involving severe regression in language, adaptive behavior and motor skills after a 2- to 4- year period of normal development
pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
wide-ranging, significant, and long-lasting dysfunctions that appear before the age of 18
joint attention
the ability to share a common focus on something (people, objects, a concept) with someone else
prosody
patterns of stress and intonation in spoken language
naturalistic teaching strategies
use of child-directed activities in typical settings (e.g. home, community)
intellectual disability (ID)
a diagnosis received when one achieves a significantly below-average score on a test of intelligence and by limitations in the ability to function in areas of daily life. significantly subaverage intellectual functioning paired with deficits in adaptive functioning such as self-care or occupational activities, appearing before age 18
phenylketonuria (PKU)
recessive gene disorder involving the inability to break down a food chemical whose buildup causes intellectual disability, seizures, and behavior problems. PKU can be detected by infant screening and prevented by a specialized diet
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
X-linked gene disorder characterized by intellectual disability, signs of cerebral palsy, and self-injurious behavior
Down syndrome (define) Also known as...
type of intellectual disability caused by a chromosomal aberration (chromosome 21) and involving characteristic physical appearance. Also known as trisomy 21
amniocentesis
prenatal medical procedure that allows the detection of abnormalities (i.e. Down’s syndrome) in the developing fetus. It involves removal and analysis of amniotic fluid from the mother.
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
a genetic test conducted during early pregnancy that samples cells found in the placenta (chorionic villi) and assesses possible genetic or chromosomal problems in the villus
fragile X syndrome
pattern of abnormality caused by a defect in the X chromosome resulting in intellectual disability, learning problems, and unusual physical characteristics
cultural-familial intellectual disability
mild form of intellectual disability that may be caused largely by environmental factors
delirium
rapid-onset reduced clarity of consciousness and cognition with confusion, disorientation, and deficits in memory and language
major neurocognitive disorder (dementia)
gradual-onset deterioration of brain functioning, involving memory loss, inability to recognize objects or faces and problems in planning and abstract reasoning. These are associated with frustration and discouragement.
