Chapter 12 in class notes Flashcards
3 clusters
1)
2)
3)
1) Positive (adding)
2) Negative (subtracting)
3) Disorganized
“Positive” Symptom Cluster
A) Positive means _
B) ____ even though no trigger
C) ____ = believes something in spite of all evidence
A) “addition” - magnification of normal
B) Hallucinations. Not based in reality
C) Delusions
Hallucination types (Acronym: AVSO)
1) A___
2) V___
3) S___
4) O___
Which is most common?
1) Auditory (voices though no one is there)
2) Visual (sees things though nothing there)
3) Somatic (feels things on skin/in body - i.e. bugs)
4) Olfactory (smell something that doesn’t exist - fire, scent upsetting)
Most common is Auditory. Visual is 2nd.
Delusions (Acronym: PGS)
1) P__
2) G__
3) S__
Which is most common?
1) Persecutory – paranoid. (i.e. Someone is following them. FBI listening to calls etc.)
2) Grandiose – false belief that one has great power (i.e. can control nature/weather)
3) Somatic – belief that some part of body is diseased. (i.e. man who put hand in blender)
Most common: Persecutory
Persecutory delusion
False belief that oneself or one’s loved ones are being persecuted, watched, or conspired against by others.
Delusion of reference
Belief that everyday events, objects or other people have an unusual personal significance
Grandiose delusion
False belief that one has great power, knowledge, or talent or that one is a famous and powerful person
Delusion of being controlled
Belief that one’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviors are being imposed or controlled by an external force
Thought broadcasting
Belief that one’s thoughts are being broadcast from one’s mind for others to hear
Thought insertion
Belief that another person or object is inserting thoughts into one’s mind
Thought withdrawal
Belief that thoughts are being removed from one’s mind by another person or by an object
Delusion of guilt or sin
False belief that one has committed a terrible act or is responsible for a terrible event
Somatic delusion
False belief that one’s appearance or part of one’s body is diseased or altered
“Negative” symptom cluster
A) What does “negative” mean?
B) Spectrum of negative symptoms (4 A’s)
A) absence or insufficiency of normal behavior (less than normal – because the brain is dying)
B)
- Avolition (apathy): no free will, desire, motivation
- Alogia: absence of speech. Mutism. Poverty of speech -shrunken speech. the inability to speak because of mental defect, mental confusion, or aphasia. It is a speech disturbance that can be seen in people with dementia. However, it is often associated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Alogia has been called a poverty of speech, or a reduction in the amount of speech.
- Anhedonia: lack of pleasure/passion. No enjoyment in life
- Affective flattening: vibrancy of emotion significantly reduced
Avolition
a term used to describe the lack of motivation or ability to do tasks or activities that have an end goal, such as paying bills or attending a school function. It occurs most commonly in schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder. … It is considered a negative symptom.
Alogia
the inability to speak because of mental defect, mental confusion, or aphasia. It is a speech disturbance that can be seen in people with dementia. However, it is often associated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. It has been called a poverty of speech, or a reduction in the amount of speech.
Anhedonia
Lack of pleasure/passion. reduced motivation or ability to experience pleasure. No enjoyment in life
Affective flattening
Vibrancy of emotion significantly reduced. The person doesn’t have the full range of emotional expression that others do.
Disorganized symptom cluster:
A) S_
B) A_
C) B_
Confused or abnormal speech behavior and emotion
These are all disorganized:
A) Speech: (word salad, tangentiality/loose association)
B) Affect: improper times (i.e. laughing at a funeral)
C) Behavior: (e.g. catatonia - freeze in position)
Word Salad
a confused or unintelligible mixture of seemingly random words and phrases.
Content makes no sense, but is grammatically correct
Catatonia
freeze in position. schizophrenia symptom that sometimes occurs
Tangentiality/loose association
focus on one word and go on a tangent.
i.e. “how was your spring break?” I had a break when I was 12. I broke my leg. Daddy long leg spiders.
Schizophrenia
A pervasive type of psychosis characterized by disturbed thought, emotion, behavior.
Chronic loss of reality.
To diagnose Schizophrenia a person needs
A) 6+ months of a symptom and in at least one of those months need to have 2 symptoms from different categories (delusions, hallucinations)
B) must rule out a mood disorder
C) rule out drug causation
Mood disorder with psychosis
psychosis only shows up in extreme highs and lows. Not schizophrenia.
Psychosis and mood disorder
Psychosis outlasts the mood highs and lows.
If psychosis lasts longer than highs or lows of mood disorders - could be schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder.
Schizophrenia statistics: A) Onset male / female B) Prevalence C) Prognosis D) M:F ratio
A) Males ages 15-28. Females bimodal - 18-20 and then 40-41
B) 1%
C) Chronic
D) 1:1 across lifetimes
Schizophrenia stats - cultural factors
A) Prevalence in __ cultures. More prominent in…
B) recovery in ___ cultures
C) What’s a big factor?
A) more prominent in industrialized individualized societies.
B) Recovery is poor in industrialized individualized societies.
C) Social support. Careers are less specific in collectivist societies - farming communities. Jobs.
No forgiveness for being absent for 6months. Lose home, job, etc.
