Chapter 4 - Visual Perception & Attention Flashcards
Figure ground
being able to separate the figure from the background
Grouping of elements`
Gestalt’s law of grouping
Law of proximity
those closest get grouped together (rows vs columns example with black dots)
Law of similarity
Objects that are similar get grouped together
Law of good continuity
View things in the way that makes the most continuous sense
Law of closure
When pieces are missing, we connect the dots
Law of common fate
Objects that move together, are perceived as belonging together
Binocular disparity
2 different angles = 3d image. Less disparity = closer object
Stereopsis
See two things, and learn to see them as one at a distance
Convergence
Focus on close things…eyes go crosseyed
Motion parallax
Objects closer to you move faster, like in a car
Elevation above the horizon
Looking up at people makes them farther on the horizon, therefore making them farther away or closer
Interposition
object blocks another therefore is closer
Linear perspective
Parallal lines appear to converge in the distance
Aerial perspective
Objects in the distance become hazier
Relative brightness
Objects in the foreground are perceived as brighter
Texture gradient
No lines but things get smaller in the distance
Shading
3d through shade caused by sun/light
Size constancy
View objects as the same size because we expect them to get smaller in the distance when its actually bigger
Shape constancy
Door opening rectangle looks like a trapezoid but we know its not duh
Brightness constancy
Paper in sunlight is brighter than paper in the dark
Top down processing
See the whole, then notice the elements. Reading now. Stronger than bottom up
Bottom up processing
like sounding out a word
Dichotic listening
can only hear your name, sex, and swears in the other ear
