Chapter 4 - The Diversity of Prokaryotes

Question 1

What are the types of interactions?

Answer 1

Cooperative and competitive

Question 2

What are the types of symbiosis?

Answer 2

• Mutualism
• Amensalism
• Commensalism
• Neutralism
• Parasitism

Question 3

Some prokaryotes, called halophiles, can thrive in extremely _____ environments such as the Dead Sea

Answer 3

Salty

Question 4

________-______ bacteria such as Rhizobium live in the root nodules of legumes such as clover

Answer 4

Nitrogen-fixing

Question 5

Organisms live in close nutritional relationships; required by one or both members

Answer 5

Symbiotic

Question 6

Organisms are free-living; relationships not required for survival

Answer 6

Nonsymbiotic

Question 7

Obligatory, dependent; both members benefit

Answer 7

Mutualism

Question 8

One benefits, the other is not harmed

Answer 8

Commensalism

Question 9

One is dependent and benefits

Answer 9

Parasitism

Question 10

Members cooperate and share nutrients

Answer 10

Synergism

Question 11

Some members are inhibited and destroyed by others

Answer 11

Antagonism

Question 12

What are the types of symbiotic relationships?

Answer 12

• Mutualism
• Commensalism
• Parasitism

Question 13

What are the types of nonsymbiotic relationships?

Answer 13

Anagonism

Question 14

Five volume resource covering all known prokaryotes

Answer 14

Bergey’s Manual of Systemic Bacteriology

Question 15

Classification based on genetic information

Answer 15

Phylogenetic

Question 16

What are the two domains in Bergey’s manual?

Answer 16

Archaea and bacteria

Question 17

In Bergey’s manual there are five major _________ with __ different phyla

Answer 17

Subgroups with 25

Question 18

Primitive, adapted to extreme habitats and modes of nutrition

Answer 18

Domain Archaea

Question 19

Gram-negative cell walls

Answer 19

Phylum Proteobacteria

Question 20

Mainly gram-positive with low G + C content

Answer 20

Phylum Firmicutes

Question 21

Gram-positive with high G + C content

Answer 21

Phylum Actinobacteria

Question 22

A collection of bacterial cells which share an overall similar pattern of traits in contrast to other bacteria whose pattern differs significantly

Answer 22

Species

Question 23

A culture derived from a single parent that differs in structure or metabolism from other cultures of that species

Answer 23

Strain or variety

Question 24

A subspecies that can show differences in antigenic makeup, susceptibility to bacterial viruses and in pathogenicity

Answer 24

Type

Question 25

• Very tiny, gram-negative bacteria
• Most are pathogens that alternate between mammals and blood-sucking arthropods
• Obligate intracellular pathogens

Answer 25

Rickettsias

Question 26

Rickettsia rickettisii

Answer 26

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Question 27

Rickettsia typhi

Answer 27

Endemic typhus

Question 28

• Tiny

- Obligate intracellular parasites

Answer 28

Chlamydias

Question 29

Severe eye infection and one of the most common sexually transmitted

Answer 29

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 30

Lung infections

Answer 30

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 31

Use photosynthesis, can synthesize required nutrients from inorganic compounds

Answer 31

Photosynthetic bacteria

Question 32

• Gram-negative cell walls

- Extensive thylakoids with photosynthetic chlorophyll pigments and gas inclusions

Answer 32

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

Question 33

• Contain photosynthetic pigment bacteriochlorophyll

- Do not give off oxygen as a product of photosynthesis

Answer 33

Green and purple sulfur bacteria

Question 34

• Gram-negative

- Glide over moist surfaces

Answer 34

Gliding, fruiting bacteria

Question 35

Can live in high temperatures

Answer 35

Thermophiles

Question 36

Can live in high amounts of pressure

Answer 36

Barophiles

Question 37

Can live in cold

Answer 37

Psychrophiles

Question 38

Live off methane

Answer 38

Methanogons