chapter 4 terms Flashcards
Chinggis Khan
Unified the mongolian People. He rose to power when Mongolia was divided. He was a Mongol warrior who brought all central asia tribes under one confederation in 1206. He was then named Ghengis Khan or the universal ruler who expanded into China to achieve wealth for pastoral people.
Mongol World War
1209 attack on agricultural areas, war lasted 1/2 a century. Massive military campaigns, disciplined forces, built an empire unlike anything before. Strong and Mongols would take ever place, or topple a military, and created a vast empire of China, central Asia, Russia, Eastern europe and middle east.
Kublai Khan
— Grandson of Chinggis Khan ruled from 1271 to 1294.. After the mongols acquired China, they wanted to get out as much wealth from it as possible.
Yuan Dynasty:
Khublai Khan started teh Yuan dynasty, it represented a new beginning in Chinese history. He used Confucian policies and practices, he worked to build canals, lowered axes, limited the death penalty, and tried to support peasants unlike before. Mongol rule was still very strict, some Chinese were treated like slaves, and created a hostile environment. This Mongol rule lasted about a century.
Ming Dynasty:
Emperor Hongwu established this dynasty. Goal was to remove all signs of Mongol rule. when mid 14th century factionalism , the plague, and peasant rebellians contributed to force the Mongols out. Mongols were out of power and Ming Dynasty was a native Chinese rule from 1368 to 1644.
Hulegu
During the takeover of Persia in Mongolian empire. Chinggis Khan led the first invasion into Persia 1219 to 1221 and then his grandson Hulegu attacked Persia again for a second time. He was the subordinate khan in Persia. Mongols during this time were very fierce and massacred 200,000 in Baghdad in 1258
Safavid Empire
TImur tried to rebuild a Mongol empire in Persia, then Safavid Empire came about in late 15th -16th century. The leadership came from Sufi religious order, by Safi al-Din 1252-1334, this led to imposition of Shia Islam as religion of the state, under safavid Empire.
Khanate of the Golden Horde:
After Russia was occupied by Mongols, their occupation was different than how the Mongols had taken China and Persia. But The Mongols exploited Russia by taxation, slavery, cities were destroyed, and their cultured ruined. It lasted 13th -14th century.
Black Death
Bubonic plague spread across trade routes of Mongol Empire in early 14th century. Killed 1/3 of population of europe and ruined trade. Spread from China to Europe. Carried by rodents and affected people by swollen lymph nodes, hemoraging and 70% of people who got it died. Took about 100 years for the population to regenerate.
