chapter 4 (task 2, enabler 2 and forward) Flashcards
what are the three major baselines?
scope, cost, and schedule
what is the scheduled baseline?
-the planned start and finish of the project.
-created in scheduling software and determined throughout the project
what is control schedule?
-monitoring the status of project activities to update project progress and manage changes to project schedule
-performed throughout the project
-focuses on ensuring project remains on schedule, and issues/deviations are addressed promptly
what can the structure of the WBS be based on?
-tasks (task-oriented)
-components (physical/functional)
-time-phased
-organization types
-geographical types
-cost breakdown types
-profit-center types
how does a task-oriented WBS define the project work?
-actions that must be done to produce the deliverable.
-first word is usually a verb (design, develop, optimize, transfer, test, etc)
how does a component-oriented WBS define the project work?
-physical or functional components that make up the deliverable
-first word is usually a noun (ELEMENT X, subunit 1)
Break down a paper in relation to WBS process
-subject of the paper is the scope
-outline is the WBS
what does the WBS include
ALL of the work, nothing should be done that is not in the WBS
what is the name for the smallest item in the WBS and what can it do
work package
-helps effectively estimate cost and time, can be monitored and controlled in the project
how does the WBS work in the predictive/plan based approach?
-takes the WBS work package (noun/deliverable) and moves it to the schedule to identify the “activities” (Verb/noun) needed to complete the work package
what is “work” in the WBS?
refers to the deliverables the project will create, not the effort
8/80 rule?
-labor on a work package not more than 80 hours, no less than 8
-just a guideline, not a regulation
-some may be less than 8
define quality management
-applying appropriate level of quality to meet customers needs
-to much quality is a waste of resources, not enough can lead to rework and scrap
major output of quality planning
-quality management plan
-describes how pm and team will fulfill quality policy
what does the quality management plan address about the project and project work?
-quality standards project will utilize
-quality objectives project must achieve
-quality roles and responsibilities among the team and stakeholders
-deliverables and processes that will be reviewed for quality
-how quality process activities will be controlled
-quality tools the project will utilize
-how project will address non conformance to quality issues, corrective activities, and continuous process improvement
what processes does quality management include and what do they do?
manage quality
control quality
-manage includes planned activities to meet customer quality needs
-control involves monitoring and recording results of quality management activities to ensure deliverable are complete and meet customer requirements
what is a major tenet of quality?
-preventing a mistake is cheaper than correcting a mistake
-PREVENTION OVER INSPECTION
-try to implement strategies to prevent errors instead of finding errors through inspection
-inspection always more expensive and disruptive
what is continuous improvement?
-iterative process of always seeking to improve your approach to, and results obtained from, quality management processes
-goal of improving quality of project processes AND project deliverable
what is “Cost of quality”
considers how much must be spent to achieve expected level of quality within the project
what are the 2 types of costs tied to quality
-COST OF CONFORMANCE TO QUALITY
-COST OF NONCONFORMANCE TO QUALITY
what is cost of conformance to quality?
-spent to attain expected level of quality
-cost of training, complying with safety issues, purchasing appropriate equipment
-prevention costs, documenting processes
-also where you determine appraisal costs to test the product, complete destructive testing loss, and perform inspections
-require money to be spent to avoid failures
what is cost of non conformance to quality?
-also known as “cost of poor quality” or “cost of failure”
-not satisfying the quality expectations
-evident when the project must spend money because of failures
-internal failure costs are in the form of rework and scrap
-external failures cost happen when customer finds defects
-
3 specific terms for the exam when it comes to cost of quality, and what they do?
-Prevention costs (prevent poor quality)
-Appraisal costs (test, evaluate, measure, audit the product)
-Failure costs (non conformance to quality)
what is a system or process flowchart?
-flowchart shows sequence of events within possible branching or loopbacks to reach an end result of a process or series of processes.
-can demonstrate how manufacturer creates, packages, and ships product to customer
what is a check sheet?
-tally up problems, effects, conditions, or other aspects about a projects product during inspection
-result of check sheet help pm quickly diagnose problems within project
what is a pareto diagram?
-comes from pareto law (80% of problems come from 20% of issues)
-illustrates problem by assigned cause, largest to smallest
-team should first work on large problems then move to smallest
what is a histogram?
-bar chart
-show frequency of problems, ranking of services, or any data
-like an unordered pareto diagram
what is a control chart?
-illustrate performance of project over time
-map results of inspections against a chart
-typically used in projects or operations that include repetitive activies
-outer limits set by customer requirements
-UCL (upper control limit) and LCL (Lower control limit)
-UCL typically set at +3 or +6 sigma
-LCL set at -3 or -6 sigma
-sigma results show degree of correctness
what is a scatter diagram?
-measure relationship between dependent project variable and independent project variable
-closer variables trend, more likely there is a connection
what is project integration management?
-PM responsibility to make best decisions for work, resources, project issues, ensuring its completed as planned
-specifically done by PM
-works across all process areas
Project integration management includes what 7 processes?
-developing project charter
-developing PM plan
-directing and managing project work
-managing project knowledge
-monitoring and controlling project work
-performing integrated change control
-closing project or phase
most common type of project development approach?
predictive/plan based
what is an “artifact”
-template, document, output, or project deliverable
-considered an OPA, can be reused and tailored to future projects
what are strategic artifacts?
-documentation that relates to projects initiation
-creating them is first step of project
-helps guide teams work moving forward
-describe business purpose, proposed value, link to strategic activities
3 major strategic artifacts?
-needs assessment (ID gap between current state and desired state)
-business case (justifies projects investment/outlines expected benefits, costs, and risks. It should include cost-benefit analysis, feasibility study, and an evaluation of projects impact on organization)
-Benefits management plan (outlines process for ID, tracking, and measuring project benefits)
different logs and what they are used for?
-assumption log (all assumptions and constraints)
-change log (all requested, approved, and rejected)
-Issue log (events that have negative impact on project, require a workaround)
-lessons learned register
-risk register
-stakeholder register (all stakeholders, influence, and interest)
what are the 13 plans involved in the PMP?
-change control plan
-communications mgmt plan
-configuration mgmt plan (track and control changes to important project documents and products)
-cost mgmt plan
-procurement mgmt plan
-pmp
-quality mgmt plan
-requirements mgmt plan
-resource mgmt plan
-risk mgmt plan
-scope mgmt plan
-schedule mgmt plan
-stakeholder engagement plan
define hierarchy charts? what are the 5 and what do they do?
-break down higher level info into more detail to allow for id of specific project activity
-include all project objectives, serve as check and balance for pm to ensure project is conforming to goals
-Organizational breakdown structure (structure of project organization, where authority resides)
-product breakdown structure (various requirements of product solution)
-resource breakdown structure (resources by category/type)
-risk breakdown structure (various areas of potential risks)
-work breakdown structure
what are the 5 general baselines in the project?
-cost (combines all costs and milestones project must fulfill)
-scope (includes scope statement, wbs, and wbs dictionary)
-schedule
-performance measurement (combine cost, scope, and schedule to monitor overall performance)
-quality (documents quality objectives for project, including metrics for acceptance)
what is “visual data and information”? and what are the 9 different types for pm?
-charts, graphs, matrices, and diagrams
-help communicate complex info to stakeholders, team, and clients
-cause-and-effect diagram
-dashboard (displays progress/performance)
-flowchart (sequence of steps)
-gantt chart (work completed over time vs time planned for work)
-histogram (frequency distribution of variables data points)
-project schedule network diagram (relationships among activities, created by scheduling software)
-requirements traceability matrix (two-way link between requirements and deliverables)
-responsibility assignment matrix (RAM, also a RACI)
-stakeholder engagement assessment matrix (documents and manages stakeholder interest and influence over time)
what are schedules and reports? and what are the 8 for pm?
-help lan, execute, monitor, and control projects
-milestone schedule
-project schedule
-resource schedule
-budget schedule (total budget, funding sources, and expenses)
-quality report
-risk management report
-progress report
-status report
what are agreements and contracts? and what are the 8 for pm?
-contract is formal agreement between buyer and seller
-agreement is document or communication that defines intentions of parties
-Fixed price contract
-Cost reimbursable contract
-T&M, time and materials (fixed hourly rate)
-IDIQ, indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity (indefinite quantity of goods or services to be provided during specified period of time)
-MOU, memorandum of understanding (outlines terms and details of cooperative relationship or project)
-MOA, memorandum of agreement (outlines terms and conditions of formal agreement)
-SLA, service level agreement (between service provider and client)
-BOA (blanket order agreement (purchasing agreement between buyer and supplier, establishes terms and conditions for purchase of good or service for period of time)
name some other artifacts? (6)
-activity list (activities on schedule, details on dates, resources, costs, and dependencies)
-bid documents (request for info RFI, request for quote RFQ, request for proposal RFP
-Metrics (how to measure attribute)
-project/resource calendar
-requirements documentation (project requirements used to confirm product completeness/track impacts impacts to changing requirements
-project team charter (how team will work together with operating guidelines and clear expectations on acceptable behavior)
