Chapter 4: Structure and Function of the Foot

Question 1

List the bones of the foot.

Answer 1

Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Lateral, intermediate and Medial Cuneiform
5 Metatarsals
14 phalanges

Question 2

What do the metatarsals make up in the foot?

Answer 2

Neck/Shoulder ridge to Diaphragm (Chest Area) and Diaphragm to Waistline (Upper Abdominal Area)

Question 3

What do the tarsals make up in the foot?

Answer 3

Waistline to Heel line (Lower Abdominal Area) and Heel Line to Hemorrhoid Horseshoe (Pelvic Area)

Question 4

What are the two main joints of the foot?

Answer 4

i) Talocrural (ankle) joint which is a hinge joint with a transverse axis and works to flex and extend the foot Talonavicular joint
ii) Talonavicular joint which moves on an axis that lies diagonally to the longitudinal axis of the foot and allows of inversion/eversion

Question 5

What are the two main arches of the foot?

Answer 5

Transverse Arch and Longitudinal arch; Longitudinal is divided into medial and lateral.
a) The arches act as shock absorbers and support the body on the ground

Question 6

What is the Achilles tendon involved in?

Answer 6

It inserts at the calcaneus and assists with plantar flexion of the foot.

Question 7

What does fascia do?

Answer 7

Fascia is a thin casing of connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber and muscle in place. It allows muscles and tendons to move smoothly.