Chapter 4 - Russification - Political Impacts Flashcards
POLITICAL IMPACTS OF RUSSIFICATION
political impacts of russification
Finland: Alexander II
What was created in 1863 and 1865?
1863 - Finnish Parliament
1865 - Finnish constitution
Finland: Nicholas II
Who did Nicholas II appoint as governor general?
Nikolei Bobrikov
What was Finland fully absorbed into under Nicholas II?
The Russian empire
What happened to Finland’s separate army under Nicholas II?
The Finnish army was disbanded
What happened to the Finnish State Secretariat under Nicholas II?
The Finnish State Secretariat was abolished
When was Governor general of Finland Nikolei Bobrikov assassinated by terrorists?
1904
When was Finland granted full autonomy by Stolypin?
1905
When did Stolypin take away Finland’s full autonomy?
Later in 1905
Finland: Lenin
What granted Finland lasting independence?
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
What happened in 1922 when the Red Army crossed the border into Finland and looted property?
The Pork Mutiny of 1922
Finland: Stalin
What did Finland refuse Stalin at the start of WW2?
Stalin’s request to allow the USSR to set up military bases on Finnish territory
What happened as a result of Finland refusing to let the USSR set up military bases on Finnish territory?
Stalin bombed Helsinki, sparking the Winter War between the USSR and Finland
When was the Continuation War fought?
1941 to 1944
How many Soviets died in the Winter War?
50,000
How many Soviets died in the Continuation War?
Around 300,000
What did Finland sign with the USSR in 1948?
A Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance
What did Finland gain after signing the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance with the USSR?
Neutrality and independence
Ukrainian Political Impacts: Lenin
What granted Ukraine full independence?
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
What were Ukraine unable to resist during the Russian Civil War?
The might of the Red Army
The Baltic States: Lenin
What granted the Baltic States independence?
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The Baltic States Stalin:
What happened to the Baltic States during the early years of WW2?
They were annexed and placed under the federal system of Russian government created under the 1936 constitution
When were the Baltic States absorbed back into the USSR?
In 1945 after being under Nazi rule from 1941-44
Poland: Alexander II
What happened which led to War Minister Dmitry Milyutin being placed in control of Poland?
The Polish Revolt
What happened to Polish nobility after the Polish revolt and who replaced them?
Polish nobility exiled to Siberia and Russian nobles took over
What did Poland become known as after the Polish Revolt?
The ‘Vistula region’ of Russia
Poland: Nicholas II
Why did Poland become free of Russian rule in 1915?
They were invaded by Germany
Poland: Lenin
What granted Poland full independence?
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
When did the Red Army invade Poland during Lenin’s rule?
1920
When did Poland become independent after invasion by the Red Army?
16th October 1920
Poland: Stalin
When did Stalin agree a non-aggression treaty with Poland?
1934
When did the USSR invade Poland under Stalin?
17th September 1939
How many Polish army officers were executed by the NKVD in the Katyn forest in 1940?
22,000
What did Stalin allow the Polish army to do in 1943?
Fight the Nazis by themselves in the Warsaw Uprising
What was created to run Poland after WW2?
The National Liberation Committee
At the Yalta Conference where was it agreed that the Russo-Polish border would be?
Along the curzon line
What did the new Polish constitution in February 1947 allow?
The Polish Workers’ Party to dominate the country
What was Poland renamed in 1952?
The People’s Republic of Poland
Poland: Khrushchev
Who was released from prison after Khrushchev’s ‘Secret Speech’?
Gomulka
The Caucuses: Lenin and Stalin
When did Georgia gain independence?
1920
When did the Red Army ‘retake’ Georgia?
1921
What did some Communists suggest about Georgia?
That Georgia should be amalgamated with Armenia and Azerbaijan
What did Stalin order his representative in Georgia, Ordzhonikidze, to do?
Bring dissidents under control
What did the 1936 constitution give to Georgia?
Full republican status
The Jewish population: Nicholas II
What did Nicholas II allow Jewish people to do?
Sit in the Duma
Central Asia: Alexander III
What gave 40 acres of land in Central Asia to European peasant settlers?
The Steppe Statute of 1891
Central Asia: Nicholas II
What did Stolypin push for in 1910 in regards to Central Asia?
Stolypin pushed for greater migration to Central Asia to accommodate rising peasant demands for land in European Russia
Central Asia: Lenin
What did the 1924 constitution allow countries in Central Asia?
Their own parliament and flag
What did Lenin tolerate in Central Asia?
The use of their own language
Central Asia: Khrushchev
What did Khrushchev issue in 1957?
A decree titled ‘On the Rehabilitation of Deported Peoples’ - allowed many groups who had been deported during WW2 to return to their homelands
Who were excluded from Khrushchev’s ‘On the Rehabilitation of Deported Peoples’ decree?
Volga Germans and Meskhetians
How did Khrushchev involve himself in the affairs of Central Asia?
Through his Virgin Land campgain
Far East: Alexander II
What city was established in 1860 after Russia took land off China?
Vladivostok
What was the land Russia took off China used for?
A naval base for the Pacific fleet
Far East: Nicholas II
What was fought under Nicholas II?
The Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05
What was built in the Far East from 1896 to 1916?
The Trans-Siberian railway
Far East: Stalin
Who did Stalin back in the Chinese Civil War?
The nationalists - not the Communists
What did Stalin and Mao sign in November 1949?
A Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance
