Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Russia and its Rulers- LP. > Chapter 2.3 - Changes to living and working conditions of rural and urban people > Flashcards

Chapter 2.3 - Changes to living and working conditions of rural and urban people Flashcards

1
Q

Chapter 2.3

A

chapter 2.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Urban Housing: Nicholas II
What % of Russians lived in towns and cities by the 20th century?

A

15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What % of people in Britain and America lived in towns and cities at this time?

A

Britain - 80%
USA - 40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many cities had more than 100,000 inhabitants?

A

19 cities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When was the first census carried out?

A

1897

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What cities’ populations doubled from 1897 to 1914?

A

Riga and Kiev

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

By the start of WW1, how many towns had access to electricity, gas, piped water and a sewage system respectively?

A

Electricity - 74
Gas - 35
Piped water - 200
Sewage system - 38

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many people were killed in a cholera outbreak in St Petersburg in 1910?

A

100,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In a survey of 12,000 St Petersburg in 1910, what % of them drank heavily?

A

93%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When was a sewerage system introduced in St Petersburg?

A

1911

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Urban Housing: Lenin
What did the Decree on Peace in 1917 do in regards to land and property?

A

The Decree on Peace banned private property and gave control to the Soviets over land distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Urban Housing: Stalin
What of the Moscow population in the mid-1930s live in one room shared by two or more households?

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What % of people in Moscow lived in communal dormitories?

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What % of people in Moscow lived in a bathroom, kitchen, corridor or hallway?

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was the average living space in 1905 and 1935?

A

1905 - 8.5m^2
1935 - 5.8m^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the Stalinist policy on urban housing?

A

To allocate space rather than rooms to individuals and families

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why were most social projects put on hold?

A

To focus on achieving the aims of the Five-Year plans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many Russians became homeless as a result of WW2?

A

25 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Khrushchev: Urban housing
What did Khrushchev launch?

A

A huge housing programme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How much did the housing stock increase from 1955 to 1964?

A

The housing stock doubled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What housing principle was abandoned under Khrushchev?

A

Communal living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many people moved to new apartments?

A

108 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What did Khrushchev increase the average apartment size to?

A

30 metres squared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Food and Famine: Alexander II
What was Alexander II worried about?

A

That there would be widespread social unrest if food shortages continued

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Who was placed in charge of drawing up emergency measures to deal with famines in 1864?

A

The Zemstva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Food and Famine: Alexander III
How many people died in the 1891 famine?

A

350,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Who was A3’s finance minister at the time of the famine?

A

Vyshnergradsky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What had finance minister Vyshnergradsky done which helped cause the famine?

A

He had raised tax on consumer goods - led to people selling off surpluses of grain to cope with inflated prices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What did Alexander III do to deal with the famine?

A

He banned exports of grain and set up a Special Committee on Famine Relief

30
Q

What did the government ban the 1891 famine on?

A

Poor farming techniques

31
Q

What was the actual cause of the 1891 famine?

A

The Mendeleev tariff

32
Q

Food and Famine: Nicholas II
Why did good harvests in the first three years of WW1 not help many towns and cities?

A

Logistical problems

33
Q

How long were bread queues during WW1?

A

8 hours

34
Q

Food and Famine: Lenin
When was there a food crisis?

A

1918

35
Q

What had been lost a part of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A

Valuable agricultural land

36
Q

How did the Bolsheviks respond to the food crisis of 1918?

A

They introduced grain requisitioning

37
Q

Who were blamed for food shortages?

A

Kulaks

38
Q

Who were instructed in 1920 to seize all food supplies for redistribution?

A

The Cheka and the Red Army

39
Q

How much did Ukrainian food production fall during the winter of 1920-21?

A

20%

40
Q

Why was the Russian railway system shut down, making it extremely difficult to transport produce?

A

The Russian Civil War

41
Q

How many people died in the 1921 famine?

A

5 million

42
Q

Why was Lenin partly blamed for the famine?

A

His slow reaction to the situation and his reluctance to accept aid from the American Relief Administration

43
Q

Food and Famine: Stalin
When did food shortages start to reappear?

A

1928

44
Q

Who were blamed for hoarding grain?

A

Kulaks

45
Q

What was reintroduced in 1928?

A

Grain requisitioning

46
Q

What was the Urals-Siberian method?

A

Villagers were encouraged to reveal grain hoarders and those who showed bourgeois tendencies in exchange for rewards

47
Q

What was the main reason for the 1932-34 famine?

A

Collectivisation

48
Q

What was introduced for people who stole grain?

A

The death penalty

49
Q

What was banned?

A

Discussion of the grain crisis

50
Q

How many people died in the famine of 1932-34?

A

7 million

51
Q

How much had the consumption of meat and fish fallen by the late 1930s?

A

80%

52
Q

What was relaxed during WW2?

A

Collectivisation policy - food production rose

53
Q

When was there another famine?

A

1947

54
Q

Food and Famine: Khrushchev
What increased the amount of land used for wheat production?

A

The Virgin Land Campaign

55
Q

What was improved under Khrushchev?

A

The state pricing mechanism

56
Q

Urban Work: Alexander III
What was introduced in 1882 to make improve safety?

A

A factory inspectorate

57
Q

Why was the factory inspectorate largely ineffective?

A

There were too few inspectors and had limited powers of enforcement

58
Q

What did factory legislation in 1882 ban?

A

The employment of children under the age of 12

59
Q

Urban Work: Nicholas II
How long was the average working day?

A

9-10 hours

60
Q

What was set up in 1912?

A

A workers insurance scheme

61
Q

Urban Work: Provisional Government
How long was the working day under the provisional government?

A

8 hours

62
Q

Urban Work: Lenin
What was introduced in February 1920?

A

The Rabkrin (The Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate)

63
Q

Why was the Rabkrin a step backwards?

A

This body was a talking shop rather than one that enforced industrial law

64
Q

What was enforced upon workers?

A

The ‘New Work Discipline’

65
Q

How much were workers often fined for mistakes?

A

10%

66
Q

What were workers shot for being?

A

‘Anti-revolutionary’

67
Q

Urban Work: Stalin
What was the average working day in 1932?

A

10-12 hours

68
Q

What was the average working day in 1939?

A

7 hours

69
Q

How much did real wages fall in the first 5-year plan?

A

50%

70
Q

When did wages start to reach the levels of the early 1920s?

A

1954

71
Q

What was introduced to pay workers for what they produced?

A

Piece-rate payments

72
Q

Urban Work: Khrushchev
What was the average working day in 1958?

A

7 hours

Russia and its Rulers- LP. (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions