Chapter 1 - Opposition - Individuals Flashcards
OPPOSITION (INDIVIDUALS): NICHOLAS II
OPPOSITION (INDIVIDUALS): NICHOLAS II
How did tsars react to opposition from within government?
They removed opponents and dissidents from their posts
What was Witte demoted to in 1903 after criticising Nicholas II’s expansionist foreign policy?
Chairman of ministers
OPPOSITION (INDIVIDUALS): LENIN
OPPOSITION (INDIVIDUALS): LENIN
What 3 prominent Bolsheviks called for a coalition to be formed with other socialist groups after the overthrow of the Provisional Government in 1917?
- Kamenev
- Zinoviev
- Rykov
What did the left wing side of the Bolsheviks oppose in 1918?
The signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litvosk
Who was the main opponent to the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litvosk?
Trotsky
Why did the NEP cause divisions in the Bolshevik party?
Right Bolsheviks favoured this temporary concession towards capitalism whilst left Bolsheviks saw it as a betrayal of revolutionary principles
OPPOSITION (INDIVIDUALS): STALIN
OPPOSITION (INDIVIDUALS): STALIN
What did Zinoviev, Kamenev and Stalin form within the Politburo to combat the influence of Trotsky and prevent him from succeeding Lenin?
A clique called the Triumvirate (Troika)
What did Lenin criticise Stalin for in his ‘Political Testament’ in December 1922?
How he ran the ‘Rabkrin’ and his role in the 1921 ‘Georgian affair’
What was Stalin appointed in April 1922?
General secretary
What did many Bolsheviks demands after Lenin’s death?
A more openly democratic form of government
What happened in 1925 when Zinoviev and Kamenev attacked Stalin over his foreign policy and plans for dealing with peasants?
They were removed as secretaries of their local party
What did Trotsky, Kamenev and Zinoviev form in response to Stalin gaining more power?
They formed the United Opposition group
What happened to Trotsky, Kamenev and Zinoviev after they formed the United Opposition group?
They were expelled from the Politburo
When was Trotsky expelled from the party?
1927
When was Trotsky expelled from the USSR altogether?
January 1929
What was Bukharin branded after expressing his concerns with collectivisation and joining forces with Kamenev?
A factionalist
What happened to Bukharin in 1929 after expressing concerns?
He was ousted as president of Comintern, editor of Pravda and member of the Politburo
What were 3 Politburo members who were exiled or executed in the 1930s purges?
- Kirov
- Kossior
- Ordhonikze
When and where was Trotsky murdered by the NKVD?
Mexico City in 1940
When were Kamenev, Zinoviev, Tomsky and Rykov executed?
1938
How many Communist party members were executed from 1935 to 1938?
1/3 of communist party members
OPPOSITION (INDIVIDUALS): KHRUSHCHEV
OPPOSITION (INDIVIDUALS): KHRUSHCHEV
When was Khrushchev reaffirmed as General Secretary of the Communist Party?
June 1957
