Chapter 1 - Opposition - Political parties Flashcards
OPPOSITION (POLITICAL PARTIES): ALEXANDER II
OPPOSITION (POLITICAL PARTIES): ALEXANDER II
What were the Populists?
Middle and upper class intellectuals who wanted political change
Why were the Populists able to exist under Alexander II?
Alexander II’s reforms
What were the two chief proponents of the Populists (Chernyshevsky and Lavrov) influenced by?
*Alexander II
The writings of Karl Marx
What movement did the Populists organise from 1873-74?
The ‘Going to the people’ movement
What book did Pyotr Lavrov write in 1863, which was Lenin’s favourite book?
‘What is to be done’ - 1863
What group was formed in 1876?
Land and liberty
What terrorist group formed in 1879?
The People’s Will
What was the primary objective of the People’s Will?
To assassinate the tsar
How many assassination attempts were there on tsar Alexander II?
5
When was Alexander II assassinated?
13th March 1881
How many were killed when a bomb exploded in the winter palace in 1880?
11
OPPOSITION (POLITICAL PARTIES): ALEXANDER III
OPPOSITION (POLITICAL PARTIES): ALEXANDER III
What did Alexander III crack down on?
Revolutionary political parties
What was passed in 1881 which gave more power to the Okhrana?
The statute concerning measures for the production of state security and the social order
When did the Okhrana disband the People’s Will?
1884
Who was executed along with 4 others in May 1887?
Lenin’s brother, Alexander Ulyanov
OPPOSITION (POLITICAL PARTIES): NICHOLAS II
OPPOSITION (POLITICAL PARTIES): NICHOLAS II
What party, led by Victor Chernov, was formed in 1901?
Socialist Revolutionary Party
What did the Socialist Revolutionary Party split into by 1905?
- Radical left wing SRs
- Moderate right wing SRs
How many political killings were the socialist revolutionary party responsible for from 1901 to 1905?
2000 political killings
What important figure was assassinated by the Socialist Revolutionary Party in February 1905?
Grand Duke Sergei (uncle of Nicholas II)
What Marxist party was formed in 1898?
All-Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party
Why did the All-Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party fail to radicalise many workers?
Few workers had the time or inclination to engage with Marxist theory
What did the Liberals during Nicholas II want Russia to be governed similarly to?
Western European democracies such as Britain
Who founded the Union of Liberation in 1904 which demanded greater freedoms and justice for all Russians?
Pyotr Struve
Who were the intellectual arm of the liberal movement during Nicholas II?
Kadets
Who emerged as a more liberal group than the Liberals at the start of the 20th century?
Octobrists
When was Nicholas II overthrown?
February 1917
OPPOSITION (POLITICAL PARTIES): LENIN
OPPOSITION (POLITICAL PARTIES): LENIN
How many votes did the SRs win in the Constituent Assembly elections in November 1917?
17.5 million
How many votes did the Bolsheviks win in the Constituent Assembly elections in November 1917?
9.8 million
What did the left-wing SRs believe about Lenin?
That he was a traitor to the revolution and a German collaborator
When did Lenin ban all political parties except from the communists?
1921
Who opposed the Reds in the Russian Civil War?
The Whites - a huge coalition of groups who opposed the Bolsheviks
