Chapter 4: Prokaryotic Diversity Slides Flashcards
True or False: There is nowhere on this earth that bacteria cannot grow.
True.
What is important about the metabolic activity of bacteria?
It is incredibly diverse, which allows bacteria to be found anywhere.
Why are bacteria have metabolic diversity important for humans?
Important for thriving ecosystems.
Nitrogen-fixing
Makes soil rich
Can tell us about air pollution
What is special about the rate at which bacterial genomes change?
It is super fast.
Why is this fast-changing of genomes important for bacteria?
They can adapt super quickly to their environment by changing their DNA.
What kind of respiration do proteobacteria do?
They do not do photosynthesis and respire aerobically.
What kind of cells are proteobacteria?
Gram-negatives.
What amount of nutrients do oligotrophs need to survive?
Very little nutrients.
True or False: Oligotrophs need a eukaryotic host to survive and replicate.
True; they are obligate intracellular pathogens.
What is an example of an oligotroph?
Chlamydia.
What class of bacteria do olgiotrophs fall into?
Proteobacteria; Alphaproteobacteria.
What class of bacteria do eutrophs/copiotrophs fall into?
Proteobacteria; Betaproteobacteria.
What amount of nutrients do eutrophs/copiotrophs need to survive?
A high amount of nutrients.
What is an example of eutrophs/copiotrophs?
Neisseria.
What class of bacteria do enterics fall into?
Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria.
What is special about the number of bacteria that falls into the class of gammaproteobacteria?
It is the largest group of proteobacteria.
Where can you find enterics?
The intestines.
What are the examples of enterics?
Vibrio chlorea
Escherichia (E. coli)
What is special about the number of bacteria that fall into the class epsilonproteobacteria?
It is the smallest group of proteobacteria.
What are the examples of epsilonproteobacteria?
Helicobacter
Campylobacter - most significant human bacteria.
What are the examples of epsilonproteobacteria?
Helicobacter
Campylobacter - most significant human bacteria.
How do nonproteobacteria respire?
They do photosynthesize and respire anerboically.
What kind of cell are nonproteobacteria?
Gram-negative.
What are spirochetes?
Spiral shaped bacteria (nonproteobacteria).
What are bacteriodes?
Thrive in an anaerobic conditions; good fermenters (nonproteobacteria).
Why are baceroides important for?
Important in the human gut
Important in grazing mammals guts.
What are phototrophic bacteria?
Do produce oxygen, but mainly do not.
True or False: Proteobacteira are phototrophic, but nonproteobacteria are not.
False: They both are.
What do phototrophic bacteria do?
Synthesize pigments that enable photosynthesis.
What are some examples of phototrophic bacteria?
Green and purple sulfur bacteria.
True or False: Phototrophic bacteria can do oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis.
True.
What is an example of a photobacterium that makes blooms that kill people?
Cyanobacteria.
What does it mean to be a high G+C Gram-positive cell?
Their nucleotides contain more than 50% guanine and cytosine.
What is the class of high G+C bacteria?
Actinobacteria.
What are some examples of actinobacteria class bacteria?
Genus Streptomyces (antibiotics)
Genus Mycobacterium (TB)
Bifidobacterium (probiotics)
What does it mean to be a low G+C Gram-positive cell?
Their nucleotides contain less than 50% guanine and cytosine.
What are the 2 large class of low G+C Gram-positive bacteria?
Clostridium and Bacilli.
What is the order and genus we should know from the Clostridium class?
Order: Lactobacillales
Genus Streptococcus
What are the 2 genus we should know from the Bacilli class?
Genus Staphylococcus
Genus Bacillus
