Chapter 4 Present Tense Flashcards
present active indicative endings
- mi -vah. -mah.
- si -thah. -tha
- ti -tah. -nti
Class 1 verb - present tense forms
a is added to the root before the root vowel;
and a is then added again after the root
e.g. §bhr. bhara
(also remeber that the semi-vowels become their consonant equivalent when they precede a vowel so the vowel r. becomes consonant ra in bhara present tense stem)
§budh root’s present tense stem
bodha-
(also name the vowel tranformation)
(also name the class)
when making a present tense stem from a root,
a inserted before u transforms into …
(au) -> o
Class 4 verb - present tense forms
the root remains the same and -ya - is added to it
e.g. hr.s. -> hr.s.ya
Class 6 verb - present tense forms
- the root remains as it is; -a- is added to it
- a nasal is added before the final consonant of the root; then -a- is addeded to it
which nasal depends on the stop-type of final consonant
muc -> present active indicative stem
also name its stop-type
also name its class
§(root) -> muñca
palatal
Class 6
vid -> present active stem
also name its stop-type
also name its class
§(root) -> vinda
dental
Class 6
lup -> present active indicative stem
also name its stop-type
also name its class
§(root) -> lumpa
labial stop
Class 6
which verb Classes a long ā in all the first person endings?
Class 1, 4, and 6 contain what transformation in which person?
sandhi
how the final sound of a word changes according to which sound the next word begins with …. is called
words changing their pronunciation when they come in contact with one another
-m as the last sound and next word begins with a vowel, then the word …
remains -m when in sandhi the….
-m at end of the word and the next word is a consonant, the the -m …
-m transforms to anusvāra when ….
what (is) here
kim atra
what is there
kim. (Is) there
