Chapter 4: Periodontal Diseases Flashcards
what is described as a distinctive pattern of gingival inflammation, where most cases are related to hypersensitivity (ex. from Big Red gum), and patients usually experience a rapid onset of sore mouth?
plasma cell gingivitis
what causes foul odor (halitosis), blunted papillae (“punched out”), and a gray pseudomembrane
necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
what bacteria are associated with NUG?
fusobacterium nucleatum, prevotella intermedia, porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema spp., and selenomonas spp
NUG frequently occurs in the presence of ___ and/or ___
- psychological stress - think about WWII: NUG was referred to as “trench mouth”
- immunosuppression
NUG
NUG
plasma cell gingivitis
*histology will show lots of plasma cells
localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia is also called ___
localized juvenile spongiotic gingivitis
localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia is idiopathic, but it has been suggested that the alteration represents an isolated patch of exteriorized ___ or ___ epithelium that may be altered secondarily by local factors (like mouth breathing)
junctional or sulcular
what is the most common presentation of localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia?
a small bright red velvety or papillary alteration that often bleeds easily upon manipulation
localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia has a predilection for the ___ gingival with a ___ predominance, and the vast majority occur under ___ with a median age of ___ years.
- maxillary anterior facial gingiva
- female
- 20
- 12
localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia
localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia
___ is used to describe gingival epithelium that spontaneously sloughs or can be removed with minor manipulation
desquamative gingivitis
desquamative gingivitis is a ___ diagnosis, not a ___ diagnosis. this means a ___ is required
- clinical
- pathologic
- biopsy
the differential for desquamative gingitivis includes what 5 things?
- lichen planus
- mucous membrane pemphigoid
- pemphigus vulgaris
- systemic lupus erythematosis
- hypersensitivity
___ is an abnormal growth of gingival tissues secondary to the use of systemic medication
drug-related gingival hyperplasia (drug-related gingival overgrowth)
desquamative gingivitis
differs from plasma cell gingivitis in that desquamative gingivitis is usually present with recession
what 3 drugs are mostly responsible for drug-related gingival hyperplasia? of these drugs, what percentage of patients taking each drug is likely to get drug-related gingival hyperplasia?
- phenytoin (anticonvulsant) - 50%
- cyclosporine (transplant therapy) - 25%
- nifedipine (calcium channel blocker) - 25%
lichen planus
lichen planus
cyclosporine-related gingival hyperplasia
nifedipine-related gingival hyperplasia
cyclosporine- and nifedipine-related gingival hyperplasia
phenytoin-related gingival hyperplasia
phenytoin-related gingival hyperplasia
phenytoin-related gingival palatal hyperplasia
___ is a slowly progressive gingival enlargement caused by a collagenous overgrowth of the gingival fibrous connective tissue
gingival fibromatosis
gingival fibromatosis
gingival fibromatosis
is gingival fibromatosis familial or idiopathic?
it can be both
what are common findings with gingival fibromatosis?
- hypertrichosis (lots of hair)
- generalized aggressive periodontitis
- epilepsy
- mental retardation
- growth hormone deficiency
what are the clinical problems associated with gingival fibromatosis?
- poor esthetics
- retention of deciduous teeth
- malocclusion
- inadequate lip closure
- difficulty eating and speaking
___ is inflammation of the gingival tissues in association with some loss of both the attachment of the PDL and bony support
periodontitis
includes loss of attachment of the PDL and bony support
adult periodontitis
what are 6 patient characteristics associated with chronic periodontitis?
- advanced age
- smoking
- diabetes
- osteoporosis
- HIV infection
- lower socioeconomic level
pericoronitis
___ is an inflammatory process that arises within the tissues, surrounding the crown of the partially erupted tooth
pericornitis
pericornitis most commonly affects which teeth?
mandibular 3rd molars
what syndrome is described as a mutation and loss of function of cathepsin C gene on chromosome 11?
papillon-lefevre syndrome
is papillon-lefevre syndrome autosomal dominant or recessive?
recessive
describe the oral and dermatologic manifestations that are predominant in papillon-lefevre syndrome
- accelerated periodontitis (defect in neutrophil function)
- teeth “floating in air”
- actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
- palmar plantar keratosis (tylosis) (calouses on the palms and feet)
this radiograph represents what syndrome?
papillon lefevre syndrome
“teeth floating in air”
what is the bacteria associated with papillon lefevre syndrome?
actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
