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KINS 1161 > Chapter 4: Early Heritage in Sports > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Early Heritage in Sports Flashcards

1
Q

what were Egyptians recognized for?

A
  • alphabet

- scientific, agricultural, and engineering powers

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2
Q

what was the classical period known for?

A
  • art (painting, carving, literature)

- knowledge of the body, antiseptics, and surgery

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3
Q

what were the 7 eras of Chinese history?

A
  1. Shang Dynasty
  2. Zhou Dynasty
  3. Qin Dynasty
  4. Tang Dynasty
  5. Chinese Renaissance
  6. Yuan Dynasty
  7. Ming Dynasty
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4
Q

describe the Shang Dynasty.

A
  • 1500 to 1000 B.C

- advancements in politics, economy, art, medicine, transportation, astronomy, and written communication

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5
Q

describe the Zhou Dynasty.

A
  • until 221 B.C

- advancements in culture

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6
Q

describe the Qin Dynasty.

A
  • lasted 15 years
  • unified China into the first multinational, autocratic state
  • initiation of the Great Wall
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7
Q

describe the Tang Dynasty.

A
  • 618 to 907 A.D

- elevated China into the largest, richest, and most sophisticated state in the world

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8
Q

describe the Chinese Renaissance.

A
  • 960 to 1279

- known for artistic and intellectual achievements

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9
Q

describe the Yuan Dynasty.

A
  • 1271 for 8 years
  • emerged after the defeat by Nomadic fighters from Mongolia
  • Mongols established Beijing as a political, economic, and cultural center
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10
Q

describe the Ming Dynasty.

A
  • art and science advances
  • refurbishing the great wall
  • strong and complex government
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11
Q

what was Greece well known for?

A

production of art, drama, history, mathematics, and athletics

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12
Q

what were the 4 eras of Greek history?

A
  1. homeric era
  2. sparta era
  3. athenian era
  4. later athenian era
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13
Q

describe the Homeric era.

A
  • before 776 B.C.
  • named after Greek poet Homer
  • creation of the Greek ideal
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14
Q

who is Homer, from the Homeric era?

A
  • composed Iliad and The Odyssey
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15
Q

what was the Iliad about?

A
  • described funeral games
  • honour of Homer’s friends who were killed in war
  • discussed chariot races, boxing, spears, discus, and archery
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16
Q

what was The Odyssey about?

A

the wanderings and return of Odysseus from the Trojan War

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17
Q

what was the Greek Ideal?

A
  • the unity of the “man of action” and “man of wisdom”
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18
Q

what is arete?

A

the all-around mental, moral, and physical excellence

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19
Q

describe the Spartan era.

A
  • 776 B.C. to 371 B.C
  • Greeks organized into 2 city states (Sparta and Athens)
  • strict environment, everything controlled by the government
  • during birth, weak children were left to die
  • women had to suppress their emotions
  • sons were taught to be obedient soldiers
  • daughters learnt it was their responsibility to have healthy children
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20
Q

what was a male’s life like during the Spartan era?

A
  • conscripted into the army from age 7 till death
  • trained to be obedient soldiers
  • if not in the army by 30, they would get married, have kids, and train their kids to be soldiers
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21
Q

what is agoge?

A

an education system that focused on the goal of serving the state

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22
Q

what is pancratium?

A

a contest with wrestling and boxing skills

23
Q

what is valor?

A

devotion to state

24
Q

describe the early Athenian era.

A
  • 776 B.C to 480 B.C
  • The Athenian Ideal
  • girls and lower class boys were uneducated
  • no mandatory conscription for men, but they still trained if needed by the government
25
Q

what was the education system like in the early Athens?

A
  • valued the all-around citizen
  • education was for upper-class boys
  • palaestras: wrestling schools
26
Q

what are paidotribes?

A

the first physical education teachers

27
Q

describe the late Athenian era.

A
  • 480 B.C to 338 B.C
  • cultural change, economic expansion, devotion to state turned into personal happiness
  • soldier and military training stopped unless you were already in the military or a pro athlete
28
Q

what was The Golden Age of Athens?

A

a time of democracy and intellectual curiosity led by sophists

29
Q

what are sophists?

A

teachers of rhetoric, philosophy, and successful living

30
Q

what were Pan-Hellenic Festivals?

A
  • ancient Olympic games, in honour of Zeus
  • exclusive to free, Greek-born males
  • occurred every 4 years
  • oath for fair play
  • winners received an olive branch wreath and many benefits
31
Q

what is a stade race?

A

footrace the length of the stadium (200m)

32
Q

what is a pentathlon?

A
  1. long jump
  2. discus
  3. javelin
  4. stade race
  5. wrestling
33
Q

what did athletes use as a discus?

A

throw a 4-5 pound circular stone of bronze

34
Q

what did athletes use as a javelin?

A

leather thong on an 8-10 foot javelin

35
Q

describe the Roman Republic.

A
  • 500 B.C to 27 B.C
  • focus on serving the state
  • parents taught sons how to be a citizen-soldier, respect for the law, and reverence for the gods
  • conscription 17-47 years old
  • daughters were taught how to raise children
  • no athletic contests
36
Q

describe the Roman Empire.

A
  • 27 B.C. to A.D 476
  • establishment of the Circus Maximus and The Colosseum
  • a lack of physical abilities which cause it’s fall
37
Q

who was Claudius Galen?

A
  • a physician who was educated at Alexandria, the greatest medical center of it’s time
  • created manuscripts which were the basis of medical education during the medieval times
38
Q

describe Medieval Europe.

A
  • 500 to 1500
  • dancing was a sin
  • school and church could not be related
  • vassals and knights valued physical training
  • pages were educated about chivalry
  • squires, knight servants, learnt how to climb and fence
  • time of the Crusades
39
Q

what were the Crusades?

A

8 military expeditions to expel Moslems and Turks form the Holy Lands

40
Q

what is asceticism?

A

belief that rejects the comfort of society and accepts strict self discipline, practiced by monks

41
Q

what is feudalistic?

A

economic, social, and political aspects of life revolved around ownership of land and military power

42
Q

describe the Renaissance and Reformation.

A
  • 1450 to 1650
  • a renewed appreciation of classic culture
  • intro to Protestant culture
  • education was for upper-class boys
43
Q

what is scholasticism?

A

intellectual development and importance of fixing religious beliefs

44
Q

what is humanistic education?

A

it taught the importance of a healthy body and mind

45
Q

what is realism?

A

the understanding of Greek classics and the importance of education to develop health and science

46
Q

describe the Age of Enlightenment.

A
  • 1700’s

- two prominent philosophies, educational disciplinarianism and naturalism

47
Q

what is educational disciplinarianism?

A
  • states that character requires a sound mind in a sound body
  • best developed through moral and physical discipline
48
Q

what is naturalism?

A

states that each child has a unique readiness to learn in a natural process, on their own time

49
Q

describe the Nationalism in Germany

A
  • desire for a unified Germany which threatened government leaders
50
Q

what is a turnplatz?

A

outdoor exercise area where boys trained using balance beams, ropes (etc)

51
Q

what was Swedish Gymnastics?

A
  • emphasized medial, education, and aesthetics
  • believed that knowledge and gymnastics could make Sweden a stronger nation
  • became military training
52
Q

describe sports in Great Britain.

A
  • divided into class and socioeconomic status
  • upper class sports were popular in boarding schools (cricket and rugby)
  • sports taught people how to be a good citizen
53
Q

what was the British Amateur Sport Ideal?

A

playing the game for the games sake

54
Q

what is muscular christianity?

A

emphasized vigorous masculinity in relation to the develop of character

KINS 1161 (14 decks)

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