Chapter 2: Philosophy

Question 1

what is philosophy?

Answer 1

• the love, study, or pursuit of wisdom, knowledge, and truth
• an attempt at understanding the meaning of life by analyzing and synthesizing why people believe or act as they do

Question 2

what is metaphysics?

Answer 2

• focuses on the nature of things and how actions are related to one another
• describes the qualities of physical and nonphysical things

Question 3

what is axiology?

Answer 3

• focuses on the value of things and discovering whether actions, things, or circumstances are good and virtuous
• attempt to answer how people should act in certain situations

Question 4

what is epistemology?

Answer 4

examines what people know, and how and why they hold certain beliefs

Question 5

what are aesthetics?

Answer 5

focuses on the artistic, sensual, or beautiful aspects of movement

Question 6

what are ethics?

Answer 6

study of moral values or doing of good towards others or oneself

Question 7

what is the Coach’s Code of Conduct?

Answer 7

• states that coaches must know and demonstrate expertise in coaching competencies (safety, injury prevention)
• coaches are role models of fair play, integrity, and sportsmanship
• development of skills and fitness must be done in a safe environment

Question 8

what is the Code of Ethics of the American Society of Exercise Physiologists?

Answer 8

• guidance of professional conduct for individuals who apply exercise physiology in their careers
• 10 statements hold members accountable for discrimination, competence, and confidentiality about health and safely

Question 9

what is the North American Society for Sport Management?

Answer 9

• principals of professional conduct and obligations and responsibilities to others
• ensures that sport managers meet the highest standards of professional integrity

Question 10

what is the Code of Ethics for American Physical Therapist Association?

Answer 10

• emphasizes maintaining and promoting ethical practice in the best interest of the client
• 8 principals to respect the rights and dignity of all individuals

Question 11

what is idealism?

Answer 11

• truth emerges from reasoning and mental process

- ideas, values, an truth do not change

Question 12

what is realism?

Answer 12

• truth is proven by science

- “real things” are proven by the scientific method

Question 13

what is naturalism?

Answer 13

• states that nature is a source of value
• the physical world is the classroom
• we learn by trial and error

Question 14

what is pragmatism?

Answer 14

• states that experience is how we find truth
• people are understanding of things once they experience it
• sport is best experienced with others

Question 15

what is existentialism?

Answer 15

• everyone’s experience in unique
• emphasizes freedom and personal choice as a way to learn
• individual responsibility for decisions

Question 16

what is ethics?

Answer 16

the study of moral values or good doing towards others or oneself

Question 17

what are principles?

Answer 17

universal rules that identify what actions, intentions, and motives are valued

Question 18

what is moral reasoning?

Answer 18

a systematic process that evaluates personal values and determines a set of moral principles to live by

Question 19

what are the 3 steps of moral reasoning?

Answer 19

step 1: moral knowing, addressing moral issues and how to solve it
step 2: moral valuing, deciding on what you believe
step 3: moral acting, behaving based on knowledge and values

Question 20

what are teleological theories?

Answer 20

focuses on the end results and consequences of processes and actions

Question 21

what is utilitarianism theory?

Answer 21

states that decisions should be made based on what will benefit the most people

example) teacher giving a good grade to an athlete so he can still compete

Question 22

what is deontology theory?

Answer 22

the duty to conform to absolute rules of moral behaviour

Question 23

what are Kantian/non-consequential theories?

Answer 23

actions must conform to absolute rules of moral behaviour

example) admitting when you knock a ball out of bounds

Question 24

what are 5 moral imperatives in sports?

Answer 24

1. fair play means playing within the rules
2. seeking to win within the rules is acceptable, winning at all costs is not
3. treat opponents with respect
4. games are played for excellence, not intimidation
5. violent and unfair actions are never acceptable

Question 25

what integrity?

Answer 25

the foundation of ethical decision-making

Question 26

what is arete?

Answer 26

all values and virtues that make a good person in order to achieve one’s highest potential

Question 27

what are examples of internal goods?

Answer 27

virtues and qualities

Question 28

what are examples of external goods?

Answer 28

description of what people do (how someone builds a positive relationship)

Question 29

what is the National Athletic Trainers’ Association Code of Ethics?

Answer 29

principals of ethical behaviour that should be followed in ethical training

Question 30

what are the principals in the NATA Code of Ethics?

Answer 30

principle 1: members shall respect the rights, welfare, and dignity of all

principle 2: members shall comply with laws and regulations of training

principle 3: members shall promote high standards in services

principle 4: members shall not engage in conduct that could be seen as a conflict of interest

Question 31

what is eclecticism?

Answer 31

a combination of theories that are put into a compatible set of beliefs

Question 32

how do you develop a personal theory?

Answer 32

discuss personal values, how they reflect in your life, and your professional goals