Chapter 1: Sociology of Sport Flashcards
what is sociology?
the study of the social world that people create, maintain, and change through relationships
what is a social world?
an identifiable sphere of everyday actions and relationships created by people as they participate in social life
what aspects of life are shown within a social world?
- values and beliefs used to make sense of our lives
- everyday actions and relationships
- groups, organizations, communities, and societies that are formed
what is a society?
a self-sufficient group of people who maintain a way of life in a particular territory
what is the goal of sociology?
describe and explain social worlds
- how they’re created, re-created, and changed
- how they’re organized
- how they influence everyone’s life
what is culture?
a shared way of life and understanding, that people develop as they live together
what is social interaction?
when people take each other into account and influence each other’s feelings, thoughts, and actions
what is social structure?
the established patterns of relationships and social arrangements that take shape as people live, work, and play with each other
what is the definition of sport (western culture)?
physical activities that involve challenges or competitive contest
what are 3 ways that sport is organized? give an example of each.
- free flowing (for pleasure)
- skateboarding at a skate park - organized schedules with spectators
- NFL games - in between
- organized youth sports
what is physical culture? give an example.
all forms of movement and physical activity that people within a social world create and sustain
example) Tai chi in a Beijing park
what are benefits that “organized” sports receive?
gives special status to increase participation, funding, community support, and general visibility
what are the 8 structures within all westernized sport?
- scoring
- schedules and seasons
- winners and losers
- rules
- referees
- competition
- coaches
- governing bodies that set rules and sponsor championships
what is a social construction?
parts of the social world that are created by people as they interact under particular social, political, and economic conditions
what are contested activities?
activities that do not have a universal agreements about what they mean, why they exist, or how they should be organized
what is the sociology of sport?
a subdiscipline of sociology and physical education that studies sports as a social phenomena
what is the great sport myth?
- states that sport is pure and good, and it’s purity and goodness are transferred to anyone who plays, consumes, or sponsors sports
- sport builds character and anyone who plays sport will be a better person
- believes there is no need to study and evaluate sports because they are already what they should be
what are 5 reasons for why women have lowers rates of sport participation?
- less time, freedom, and money
- little to no control over facilities where sports are played
- less access to transportation
- expected to take full-time responsibility for their family
- sports are organized around the values, interests and experiences of men
what is social capital?
the social resources that link them positively to social worlds
what is an ideology?
a shared interpretation that people use to make sense of and evaluate themselves, others, and events in their social worlds
how are ideologies created?
they develop as people give meaning to and make sense of a social phenomena in certain ways
what is gender ideology?
what are it’s 3 beliefs?
- beliefs that defines masculinity/femininity, evaluates sexual expression, and determines gender roles
- 3 central beliefs: (1) humans are male or female, (2) heterosexuality is the foundation of nature, (3) men are stronger and more rational
what is racial ideology?
what are it’s 3 beliefs?
- beliefs that classify humans into categories based on biology in relation to internal attributes
- 3 central beliefs: (1) humans are classified by race, (2) intellect and characteristics vary by race, (3) white people only have white ancestors
what is social class ideology?
what are it’s 3 beliefs?
- beliefs used to evaluate material status and economic success
- 3 central ideas: (1) everyone can be successful, (2) meritocracy > people who deserve it are successful and failure is due to poor choice and laziness
what is ableist ideology?
what are it’s 3 beliefs?
- beliefs that identify people are physically/intellectually disabled in order to justify exclusion and injustice
- 3 central ideas: (1) people are normal or disabled, (2) disability exists when impairments interfere with everyday life, (3) disabled people are inferior to normal people
what is ableism?
attitudes, actions, and policies based on the belief that people who “lack” certain abilities are inferior and incapable of participating in mainstream activities
why are ideologies difficult to change?
- defended by those who benefit from it
- some connected with religious beliefs and moral values
